Enhancement of needle visualization and localization in ultrasound
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Enhancement of needle visualization and localization in ultrasound Parmida Beigi1 · Septimiu E. Salcudean1 · Gary C. Ng2 · Robert Rohling3 Received: 18 February 2020 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 © CARS 2020
Abstract Purpose This scoping review covers needle visualization and localization techniques in ultrasound, where localization-based approaches mostly aim to compute the needle shaft (and tip) location while potentially enhancing its visibility too. Methods A literature review is conducted on the state-of-the-art techniques, which could be divided into five categories: (1) signal and image processing-based techniques to augment the needle, (2) modifications to the needle and insertion to help with needle-transducer alignment and visibility, (3) changes to ultrasound image formation, (4) motion-based analysis and (5) machine learning. Results Advantages, limitations and challenges of representative examples in each of the categories are discussed. Evaluation techniques performed in ex vivo, phantom and in vivo studies are discussed and summarized. Conclusion Greatest limitation of the majority of the literature is that they rely on original visibility of the needle in the static image. Need for additional/improved apparatus is the greatest limitation toward clinical utility in practice. Significance Ultrasound-guided needle placement is performed in many clinical applications, including biopsies, treatment injections and anesthesia. Despite the wide range and long history of this technique, an ongoing challenge is needle visibility in ultrasound. A robust technique to enhance ultrasonic needle visibility, especially for steeply inserted hand-held needles, and while maintaining clinical utility requirements is needed. Keywords Needle detection · Ultrasound · Image-guidance · Machine learning · Needle visualization · Image processing
Introduction Needle insertion is commonly used in various clinical procedures including biopsies, treatment injection and anesthesia. The success of these procedures often depends on accurate needle placement to minimize complications and to avoid damage to neighboring tissue. For this purpose, ultrasound (US) is used widely to guide needle insertions because it is safe, real time and low cost [1–4]. The operator will adjust the needle and transducer by observing both needle and target in the live image to accurately navigate and place the needle to the target location, hence increasing the safety and success rate of the procedure.
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Parmida Beigi [email protected]
1
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
2
Philips Ultrasound, Bothell, WA, USA
3
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
However, despite the wide range and long history of image-guided needle insertions, an ongoing issue is poor needle visibility [5–8]. Needle visualization is especially challenging for deep insertions and for insertions w
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