Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of ZrO 2 nanoparticles by doping with Mg for UV light photocatalytic degradation
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Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of ZrO2 nanoparticles by doping with Mg for UV light photocatalytic degradation of methyl violet and methyl blue dyes G. Rajesh1 · S. Akilandeswari1,2 · D. Govindarajan1 · K. Thirumalai3 Received: 23 June 2019 / Accepted: 20 January 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, pristine ZrO2 (600 °C) and Mg (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 M)-doped ZrO2 nanoparticles were effectively synthesized at about 10 nm size and achieved complete degradation of methyl violet and methyl blue dyes under UV irradiation. The calcined products were analyzed by XRD, FTIR, UV-DRS, PL, FESEM-EDX, TEM-SAED pattern and XPS techniques. rO2 nanoparticles were affirmed by The tetragonal crystal structure of the pristine Z rO2 and Mg (0.02–0.08 M)-doped Z XRD analysis. The Mg (0.08 M)-doped ZrO2 nanoparticles were approximately in quasi-spherical morphology and high agglomeration was confirmed by FESEM and TEM results. The surface defects and oxygen vacancies were analyzed by PL spectroscopy. The Mg (0.08 M)-doped ZrO2 nanoparticles exhibited enlarged photocatalytic activity with 94% and 90% degradation of methyl violet and methyl blue dyes under UV irradiation.
1 Introduction The various organic dyes are increasingly applied in many industries such as leather tanning, textile, plastic, paper, food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, photo-electrochemical cells, hair coloring, rubber and agricultural research and so on [1–3]. These types of industries subsequently discharge their colored wastewater containing pigments and dyes. Colored wastewater (dyes) significantly attributed to environmental pollution and health risk [4]. Almost these colored wastewaters are toxic and non-biodegradable. Various physical, biological and chemical techniques have been applied for its removals such as precipitation, activated carbon, ozonation, membrane separation, Fenton, photo-Fenton catalytic reaction, bioremediation, adsorption, reverse osmosis, coagulation and ultra-filtration [1–3, 5]. Among these techniques, photocatalysis is the most important approach * S. Akilandeswari [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of Physics, Government College for Women (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu, Kumbakonam 612001, India
3
Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College, Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India
because of it’s low cost, eco-friendliness and totally oxidizes the pollutants to H2O and CO2 [1–3]. There are many materials applied for photocatalytic degradation including T iO2 [6] ZnO [7], WO3 [8], ZrO2 [9], SnO2 [10], In2O3 [11], Fe2O3 [12], NiO [13], CuO [14] CdS [15], and PbS [16]. Among these, zirconium oxide (ZrO2) is a most attractive material. ZrO2 is a wide band gap (5.0–5.5 eV) semiconductor, and this oxide material had detected broad application in ceramics, catalysts, gas sensors, fuel cell, solid-state electrolytes, barrier coatings and optical device
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