Enhancing the production of a marine diatom ( Skeletonema costatum ) with low-frequency ultrasonic irradiation
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Enhancing the production of a marine diatom (Skeletonema costatum) with low-frequency ultrasonic irradiation Rediat Abate 1,2,3 & Shuang Song 1 & Vishal Patil 1 & Changping Chen 1,2 & Junrong Liang 1,2 & Lin Sun 1 & Xuesong Li 1 & Bangqin Huang 2 & Yahui Gao 1,2 Received: 28 April 2020 / Revised and accepted: 17 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This study evaluated the growth stimulatory effect of low-frequency ultrasound on an ecologically and economically important marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum. To investigate the effect of repeated ultrasonication and the optimum duration of ultrasonication, S. costatum cells were exposed to low-frequency ultrasound (40 kHz) for 0, 2, 30 or 90 s under two sonication conditions: a one-time sonication treatment or a 24-h interval treatment. The cell density and cellular carbohydrate content increased in the ultrasonicated cultures. Similarly, the photosynthetic efficiency, particularly in the exponential growth phase, was enhanced in ultrasonicated cultures, which might account for the enhanced cell growth. At the end of the experiment, compared with the corresponding one-time treatment groups, the cell density in the 30-s sonicated culture and the cellular carbohydrate concentration in the 2-s sonicated culture of the 24-h interval treatment group were increased by 34 ± 4% and 28 ± 3%, respectively. This indicates that, under the same ultrasonic treatment conditions, a higher cellular carbohydrate content can be achieved by repeating the ultrasonication. This study also revealed that, compared with control, the silica/nitrate ratio and silica/phosphate ratio required to produce the same number of S. costatum cells were lower in the sonicated cultures, particularly in the one-time sonicated cultures. This finding indicates that ultrasonic irradiation results in the light silicification of S. costatum cells. This study provides valuable information on the diatom response to low-frequency ultrasonic irradiation and is an important benchmark study for future biotechnological applications of the mass production of S. costatum and other microalgae. Keywords Biomass accumulation . Cell density . Fv/Fm . Nutrient uptake . Total carbohydrate . Ultrasonic irradiation
Rediat Abate and Shuang Song contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02270-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yahui Gao [email protected]
Lin Sun [email protected]
Rediat Abate [email protected]
Xuesong Li [email protected]
Shuang Song [email protected]
Bangqin Huang [email protected]
Vishal Patil [email protected]
1
School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
2
Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
3
College of Natural Science, Arba Minch University, PO
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