Entrepreneurship of an institutional field: the emergence of coworking spaces for digital business models
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Entrepreneurship of an institutional field: the emergence of coworking spaces for digital business models Ricarda B. Bouncken 1 & Sascha Kraus 2
& Juan
F. Martínez-Pérez 3
# The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Coworking spaces have been proliferating world-wide in urban and rural areas while facilitating entrepreneurship and new, especially digital business models. Our research analyzes the worldwide expansion by drawing upon mechanisms from institutional theory. We argue that the sense of community, emotional activation, the local communities together with the digital linkages and the open office allowed coworking spaces to evolve as a real space for entrepreneurship. The common lifestyle and the high digital identity of the users further explain the emergence of this entrepreneurship field that shows high convergent forms of coworking spaces. The key divergence comes with different ownership models. Keywords Coworking spaces . Sharing economy . Digitalization . Entrepreneurship
Introduction Digital experts and entrepreneurs in the Silicon Valley initiated the concept of coworking spaces (Bouncken and Reuschl 2018), which rapidly proliferated around * Sascha Kraus [email protected] Ricarda B. Bouncken [email protected] Juan F. Martínez-Pérez [email protected]
1
Strategic Management and Organization, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, D-96440 Bayreuth, Germany
2
Durham University Business School, Durham University, Mill Hill Lane, DH1 3LB Durham, United Kingdom
3
Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal
the world, mainly because the sharing economy (Richter et al. 2017; Huarng and Yu 2019) requires digital experts while needing the creative and social power through sharing office and work spaces (Kraus et al. 2019; Bouncken et al. 2020b). Researchers increasingly pay attention to the significant institutional changes through virtually mediated co-production and consumption of the sharing economy yet only start to recognize coworking spaces (Cheng 2016; Hamari et al. 2015; Albinsson and Yasanthi Perera 2012; Lamberton and Rose 2012). In the basic form, independent coworking spaces provide their individual and institutional users a work-space, typically of desks and IT-infrastructure combined with a social space fostering interaction and communication, at minimum a cafeteria and lounge. Membership or fees (e. g. hourly/daily/monthly) fee allow the access a to the coworking space. Originally, coworking spaces have been set up by independent specific coworking providers (Bouncken and Aslam 2019). Recently, coworking spaces extend their offerings by lab space (e.g. fablabs) and shared work-shops, especially for R&D of start-ups. More services, more amenities (especially of R&D facilities), and the provision of contacts to and project work with incumbents stimulate economies of scale and scope for research and development, entrepreneurship, and new business models, mainly digital ones (Bouncken et al. 2019; Del Bosco et al. 20
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