Environmental Adaptations and Stress Tolerance of Plants in the Era of Climate Change
Climate change is a complex phenomenon with a wide range of impacts on the environment. Biotic and abiotic stress are a result of climate change. Abiotic stress is caused by primary and secondary stresses which are an impediment
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Parvaiz Ahmad
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M.N.V. Prasad
Editors
Environmental Adaptations and Stress Tolerance of Plants in the Era of Climate Change
Editors Parvaiz Ahmad Department of Botany Amar Singh College University of Kashmir Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir India [email protected]
M.N.V. Prasad Department of Plant Sciences University of Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad 500 046 India [email protected], [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4614-0814-7 e-ISBN 978-1-4614-0815-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0815-4 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011938457 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Any external factor that imposes negative impact on growth and development of the plant is known as stress. Plants often experience abiotic stress like drought, salinity, alkalinity, temperature, UV-radiations, oxygen deficiency, etc. Abiotic stress is responsible for the huge crop loss and reduced yield more than 50% of some major crops. Ion imbalance and osmotic stress is the primary effect of abiotic stress. Prolonged exposure to primary stress causes secondary stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These are deleterious for the plants as it causes oxidative damage by reacting with biomolecules. Plants are able to perceive the external and internal signals and are then used by the plant to regulate various responses to stress. Plants respond the abiotic stress by up- and downregulation of genes responsible for the synthesis of osmolytes, osmoprotectants, and antioxidants. Stress-responsive genes and gene products including proteins are expressed and provide tolerance to the plant. To understand the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms for abiotic stress, perception, transduction, and tolerance is still a challenge before plant biologists. The chapters in this book deal with the effect of different abiotic stresses on plant metabolism and responses of the plants to withstand the stress. Chapter 1 describes involvement of different osmolytes, osmoprotectants, and antioxidants during abiotic stress. Chapter 2 deals with the role of halophytes in understanding and managing abiotic stress. Chapter 3 addresses the effect and d
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