Enzymatic Glucose-Based Bio-batteries: Bioenergy to Fuel Next-Generation Devices
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Enzymatic Glucose‑Based Bio‑batteries: Bioenergy to Fuel Next‑Generation Devices Mireia Buaki‑Sogó1 · Laura García‑Carmona1 · Mayte Gil‑Agustí1 · Leire Zubizarreta1 · Marta García‑Pellicer1 · Alfredo Quijano‑López2 Received: 12 July 2018 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract This article consists of a review of the main concepts and paradigms established in the field of biological fuel cells or biofuel cells. The aim is to provide an overview of the current panorama, basic concepts, and methodologies used in the field of enzymatic biofuel cells, as well as the applications of these bio-systems in flexible electronics and implantable or portable devices. Finally, the challenges needing to be addressed in the development of biofuel cells capable of supplying power to small size devices with applications in areas related to health and well-being or next-generation portable devices are analyzed. The aim of this study is to contribute to biofuel cell technology development; this is a multidisciplinary topic about which review articles related to different scientific areas, from Materials Science to technology applications, can be found. With this article, the authors intend to reach a wide readership in order to spread biofuel cell technology for different scientific profiles and boost new contributions and developments to overcome future challenges. Keywords Glucose biofuel cells · Energy harvesting · Enzyme immobilization · Bioenergy · Implantable devices · Flexible electronics
1 Current Panorama in Fuel Cell Development Environmental concern and climate change have prompted the development of new energy sources [1]. These new energy sources should be able to support and endow autonomy to small devices present in daily tasks and activities. In this regard, the concept of energy harvesting is gaining interest, as it allows energy to be supplied to such
* Mireia Buaki‑Sogó [email protected] 1
Instituto Tecnológico de la Energía (ITE), Avenida Juan de la Cierva, 24, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
2
ITE Universitat Politécnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n edificio 6C, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Topics in Current Chemistry
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devices using fuel present in the surroundings without external power sources, thus increasing their autonomy and versatility [2, 3]. Among energy harvesting systems developed in recent years, fuel cells appear as green and sustainable novel energy sources [4–9]. This technology features systems capable of generating energy from electrochemical reactions. In addition to their capacity for transforming chemical energy into electricity, these systems are sustainable with low greenhouse gas emissions. Traditional fuel cells use metallic catalysts to obtain electricity by fuel oxidation–reduction reactions [7]. Fuels typically used are hydrogen [5, 8] and small organic molecules such as methanol or ethanol [4]. Once the fuel has been oxidized at the anode, an external circuit transfers electrons to t
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