Recycling of Livestock Manure into Bioenergy
The total amount of manure production increased fast in response to rapidly increasing demand for livestock production, which poses a strong public health threat due to the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and leachates without appropriate treatment. Anae
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Abstract The total amount of manure production increased fast in response to rapidly increasing demand for livestock production, which poses a strong public health threat due to the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and leachates without appropriate treatment. Anaerobic digestion is available technology for livestock manure treatment with new business opportunities and benefits for the society, such as bioenergy of CH4 and nutrients are extra income, odor and pathogens are reduced and GHG emission are limited. The productions of chicken manure, cattle manure and pig manure were introduced with evaluation of potential energy production. The toxicity of ammonia/ammonium in the anaerobic digestion process was evaluated with microbial community dynamics. Operation conditions effects on methane production were analyzed, such as pH, organic loading rate (OLR) effects and the ammonia stripping pretreatment effects on the CH4 conversion. The dynamic of functional archaeal and bacterial community were also conducted. Methanosaeta dominated in the steady stage of chicken manure thermophilic digestion but Methanothermobacter dominated in the inhibition stage and Methanosarcina thrived in the recovered stage. In contrast, under mesophilic conditions, Methanosarcina dominated in the steady stage while in the inhibition stage Methanosaeta and Methanoculleus thrived and lastly recovered to Methanosaeta. Poultry manure can be easily inhibited by ammonia compared to cattle manure and pig manure digestion since it has a high nitrogen content, which was more suitable for mesophilic digestion with evidence of process resilience in mesophilic digestion. Pre-treatment of ammonia stripping or co-digestion are the effective ways to generate a stable process.
Keywords Manure production Manure treatment Anaerobic digestion Removal efficiency
Methane fermentation
Q. Niu (&) Y.-Y. Li Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Aobayama 6-6-06, Sendai 980-8579, Japan e-mail: [email protected] Y.-Y. Li e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 O.P. Karthikeyan et al. (eds.), Recycling of Solid Waste for Biofuels and Bio-chemicals, Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-0150-5_6
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Abbreviations TAN FA VFA CM TS VS
Total ammonia nitrogen Free ammonia nitrogen Volatile fatty acid Chicken manure Total solid Volatile solids
1 Introduction Environmental pollution and energy supply are two of the main problems in the fast developing society globally. In 2013, the world energy consume reached to 89,774 million ton oil/year, with 0.9 % increased than last year. Furthermore, by 2030, the world is projected to consume two-third more energy than today. The use of fossil fuel, associated pollution and the real need of safe energy supply have promoted technological development. It is worldwide accepted that renewable energy such as biogas from anaerobic digestion is en
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