Essentials of Chemical Education

For everybody teaching chemistry or becoming a chemistry teacher, the authors provide a practice-oriented overview with numerous examples from current chemical education, including experiments, models and exercises as well as relevant results from researc

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Hans-Dieter Barke • G€unther Harsch Siegbert Schmid

Essentials of Chemical Education Translated by Hannah Gerdau

Prof.Dr. Hans-Dieter Barke Westf. Wilhelms-Universit€at M€unster Institut f€ur Didaktik der Chemie Fliednerstr. 21 48149 Mu¨nster Germany [email protected]

Prof.Dr. G€unther Harsch Westf. Wilhelms-Universit€at M€unster Inst. f€ur Didaktik der Chemie Fliednerstr. 21 48149 M€unster Germany [email protected]

Dr. Siegbert Schmid University of Sydney School of Chemistry Sydney New South Wales Bldg. F11 Australia [email protected]

Translated by Hannah Gerdau 214 Rue de Charenton 75012 Paris France

Completely revised and updated English edition of the German title: Chemiedidaktik Heute by H.-D. Barke und G. Harsch, published by Springer-Verlag Heidelberg 2001

ISBN 978-3-642-21755-5 e-ISBN 978-3-642-21756-2 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-21756-2 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011939999 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Prologue

“That was my first lecture for which I did not mind to get up early in the morning, . . . we saw meaningful presentations with many experiments and structural models for school chemistry,. . . a seminar where I really learnt a lot for my later profession, . . . it was good for our orientation to have the pie chart in the first lecture . . .”

These and other statements of students in a one-semester unit towards a qualification as a chemistry teacher at the University of M€unster in Germany encouraged us to write this book and to translate it into English. The content covers a broad range of chemical education knowledge and many applications concerning chemistry teaching at secondary level. We hope that apart from lecturers and students at v

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Prologue

universities and colleges chemistry teachers in secondary schools will also benefit from this book. There is no single best order of contents in chemical education. Important chapters like “students’ misconceptions, teaching aims, motivation, media, experiments, models, chemical symbols and chemistry in everyday life” are l