Establishment of a method to determine the magnetic particles in mouse tissues
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Establishment of a method to determine the magnetic particles in mouse tissues Yifan Wu1,2, Wuxu Zhang1, Yuxia Wang1*, Qian Li1, Guo Gao3, Na Dong1, Hengyao Hu3, Kan Wang3, Junhua Wu1, Zhongcai Gao1 and Daxiang Cui3
Abstract This work is aimed to evaluate a method to detect the residual magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in animal tissues. Ferric ions released from MNPs through acidification with hydrochloric acid can be measured by complexation with potassium thiocyanate. MNPs in saline could be well detected by this chemical colorimetric method, whereas the detected sensitivity decreased significantly when MNPs were mixed with mouse tissue homogenates. In order to check the MNPs in animal tissues accurately, three improvements have been made. Firstly, proteinase K was used to digest the proteins that might bind with iron, and secondly, ferrosoferric oxide (Fe3O4) was collected by a magnetic field which could capture MNPs and leave the bio-iron in the supernatant. Finally, the collected MNPs were carbonized in the muffle furnace at 420°C before acidification to ruin the groups that might bind with ferric ions such as porphyrin. Using this method, MNPs in animal tissues could be well measured while avoiding the disturbance of endogenous iron and iron-binding groups. Keywords: Ferric ions, Magnetic nanoparticles, Potassium thiocyanate, Mouse tissue, Chemical colorimetric method
Background Nanotechnology is widely used in drug or gene delivery and targeted therapy [1-4]. The importance of targeted drug delivery is to transport a drug directly to the center of the disease under various conditions and thereby treat it separately, with less effect on other tissues. The nanoparticle designed for drug delivery should be biodegradable and biocompatible [5,6]. Due to its good biodegradability and biocompatibility, the engineered magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) could be well used in disease diagnosis and even in drug delivery and targeted therapy [7-14]. They can be simultaneously functionalized and guided by a magnetic field [15-17]. The safety of designed MNPs depends on the safety of linked molecules and the magnetic cores. So, evaluating how MNPs distribute and metabolize in different tissues of animals is very important. Moreover, this information is capital to give reference of its optimal dosage and administration route. Magnetic resonance imaging, Prussian blue staining, and transmission electron microscopy were * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Beijing Institute of Pharmacoloy and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People’s Republic of China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
used to detect the distribution of the magnetic nanoparticles in vivo. As a vector, MNPs often bond with some conjugate such as cisplatin, and the distribution of conjugates had been used to indicate MNP distribution [18]. Determining iron ions using inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a very sensitive method and has been used to determine the concentration of MNPs
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