European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) and meagre ( Argyrosomus regius ) fertilized egg resistance to a spacecraft l
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European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and meagre (Argyrosomus regius) fertilized egg resistance to a spacecraft launcher vibration qualifying test C. Przybyla 1 & G. Dutto 2 & M. Bernard 3 & B. Rollin 2 & X. Laurand 3 & J. Averseng 4 & E. Gasset 1 & I. Tadadjeu 3 & L. Dusseau 3 Received: 6 April 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 / Published online: 23 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract
Food autonomy represents an essential challenge for the future Moon Village planned by the European Space Agency. Rearing fish on the moon to provide essential amino acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin B12 could become a reality using integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA). The Lunar Hatch programme’s goal is to fertilize farmed fish eggs on Earth that would hatch upon arrival at the lunar base. However, the vibrations from a spacecraft’s launch are an unusual situation for fish eggs and may have a negative impact on them. European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and meagre (Argyrosomus regius) eggs were exposed to mechanical stresses using standard protocol performed to approve a satellite for space launch. The hatching rate was evaluated after vibration expositions at different hours post fertilization (hpf). An initial series of tests subjecting the eggs to orbital rotation demonstrated their integrity. In subsequent tests, mechanical stressors acting on the Soyuz spacecraft was simulated to test impact on fish eggs. The results showed egg robustness for European sea bass at 35 hpf (one-third of the embryo development) and 83 hpf (two thirds) and of meagre at 14 hpf (one third), with no significant difference in hatching rate compared with an unshaken control batch. European sea bass embryos and potentially other fish species with similar incubation periods (4–6 days) seem to be good candidates to surviving a spacecraft launch. This paper discusses the findings and suggests possible future research avenues. Keywords Aquaculture . Space flight . Fish eggs . Embryogenesis . Food autonomy . Biological life support system . Moon
* C. Przybyla [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Aquaculture International (2020) 28:2465–2479
Introduction In recent years, several space agencies have begun ambitious projects to establish a long-term manned base on the Moon. Regardless of which solution is selected, one of the main challenges for a lunar outpost will be food autonomy. Launching a cargo of fresh or lyophilized food into space daily is not a viable option from a technical or economic point of view. One answer lies in developing a bioregenerative life support system (BLSS) that includes a waste recycling–based food supply. Most BLSS research has focused on cultivating bacteria (Leys et al. 2009) and photosynthetic organisms in space (Poulet et al. 2016) using a closed loop based on waste recycling, CO2 removal and oxygen production (Poughon et al. 2009). In earlier studies, a small number of higher plants were tested in
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