Evaluation of a Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide as the New Antibiotic Candidate to Treat Staphylococcus aureus Keratitis
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Evaluation of a Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide as the New Antibiotic Candidate to Treat Staphylococcus aureus Keratitis Hossein Aghamollaei1 · Hamidreza Safabakhsh1 · Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam2 · Hamed Zare3 · Hamid Bakherad4 · Khosrow Jadidi1 Accepted: 22 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is a most important reason of bacterial keratitis. The emergence of S. aureus resistance to methicillin necessitates searching for new antimicrobial components for keratitis. CM11 is a cationic peptide with strong antibacterial activity against a range of bacteria. In this study, in vitro bactericidal activity of CM11 was investigated using the time-killing assay. For this purpose, corneal methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)-infected rabbit models were experimentally developed through intrastromal injection of bacteria. The infected rabbits were treated in three groups by artificial tear, gentamicin, and CM11, and their conjunctiva, iris, and cornea were clinically examined using a slit lamp and histopathological examination. The variance analyses of microbial (colony counts) and pathological examinations on the harvested cornea samples showed a significant improvement in the treated groups (CM11 and gentamicin) compared to the control eyes (P ≤ 0.05). According to findings, CM11 and gentamicin could significantly reduce the CFU in comparison with the group received artificial tear. The mean bacterial counts (log CFU/ml) from corneal culture were 2.1, 5.02, and 8.89 for gentamicin, CM11, and control group, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). The above-mentioned findings displayed the efficacy of CM11 cationic peptide for curing the MRSA-mediated keratitis. Keywords Staphylococcus aureus · Eye infection · Keratitis · Antibiotic resistance · Antimicrobial peptide
Introduction Among the ocular infections, bacterial keratitis is one of the most famous conditions which is mostly due to infection by Staphylococcus aureus in various populations around the world (Durrani et al. 2020). Patients suffering from diabetes, HIV, and epithelial trauma caused by foreign bodies as well * Khosrow Jadidi [email protected] 1
Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2
Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
4
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
as elderly persons and individuals wearing contact lenses are the main susceptible groups to S. aureus keratitis (Durrani et al. 2020; Sharma 2018). Pathologic and immunologic studies show there is a co-operation between bacterial products and host-associated factors in cornea destruction during keratitis. S. aureus-mediated keratitis results in an irre
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