Risk areas for tuberculosis among children and their inequalities in a city from Southeast Brazil
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Risk areas for tuberculosis among children and their inequalities in a city from Southeast Brazil Yan Mathias Alves1* , Thaís Zamboni Berra1, Luana Seles Alves1, Ivaneliza Simionato de Assis2, Marcos Augusto Moraes Arcoverde3, Antonio Carlos Vieira Ramos1, Luiz Henrique Arroyo1, Laura Terenciani Campoy1, Alexandre Tadashi Inomata Bruce1, Felipe Lima dos Santos1, Ludmilla Leidianne Limirio Souza1, Juliane de Almeida Crispim4 and Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio5
Abstract Background: The objective of the study was to identify areas of risk for the appearance of tuberculosis in children and their association with social inequalities in a municipality in southeastern Brazil. Methods: Ecological study conducted in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. To identify areas of spatial risk for tuberculosis in children, we used spatial scanning statistics. To analyze the association of cases of childhood tuberculosis with social vulnerability, we used the Social Vulnerability Index of São Paulo, and four explanatory statistical models were listed. Results: There were 96 cases of childhood tuberculosis, of which 90 were geocoded through a process of converting addresses to geographic coordinates. A risk area was identified in the municipality, where children under 15 years old have 3.14 times greater risk of contracting tuberculosis than those living outside this area. The variables identified as risk factors were: number of private and collective households, proportion of children aged 0 to 5 years in the population, proportion of households without per capita income, and the proportion of private households with monthly nominal incomes of up to one quarter of wage minimums. The variables identified as protection factors were the proportion of women under the age of 30 years responsible for the household under and women responsible for the household with an average income over BRL 2344. Conclusion: The study showed areas of risk for the occurrence of tuberculosis in children. The study is in line with the End TB Strategy and the 2030 Agenda, which aim to support strategic actions and, therefore, save the lives of children through the systematic, intensified, and comprehensive identification of children with tuberculosis respiratory symptoms in the community. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Spatial analysis, Social vulnerability
* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Public Health Nursing Graduate Program, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-902, Brazil Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other thir
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