Evaluation of drilling muds enhanced with modified starch for HPHT well applications
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Evaluation of drilling muds enhanced with modified starch for HPHT well applications Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon1 · Sarah Abidemi Akintola2 · Mohd Adam Bin Mohd Johari1 · Sunday Oloruntoba Isehunwa2 Received: 23 July 2019 / Accepted: 17 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The use of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in oil and gas well drilling operations has improved the filtration loss and mud cake properties of drilling muds. The introduction of starch has also reduced, for example, the viscosity, fluid loss, and mud cake properties of the drilling fluids. However, normal starch has some drawbacks such as low shear stress resistance, thermal decomposition, high retrogradation, and syneresis. Hence, starch modification, achieved through acetylation and carboxymethylation, has been introduced to overcome these limitations. In this study, modified starches, from cassava and maize, were used to enhance the properties of water-based muds under high-pressure high temperature (HPHT) conditions, and their performances were compared with that of the CMC. The mud samples added with acetylated cassava or maize starch exhibited the smallest filtrate volumes and filtrate losses within the American Petroleum Institute specification. Therefore, these modified starch-added muds could replace CMC as fluid loss agents since, unlike it, they can withstand HPHT conditions. Keyword Acetylation · Carboxymethylation · Modified starches · CMC · Filtration loss properties · Rheological properties Abbreviations E&P Exploration and production HPHT High-pressure high temperature CMC Carboxyl-Methyl-Cellulose AM Acetylated maize CM Carboxymethyl maize AC Acetylated cassava CC Carboxymethyl cassava BHR Before hot rolling AHR After hot rolling
Introduction Hydrocarbon exploration has become more challenging, especially during drilling in ultradeep waters and high temperature (> 300 °F) high pressure (≥ 10,000 psi) formations. The combined pressure–temperature effect alters * Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon [email protected] 1
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
2
the rheological properties of the drilling fluids, making the conventional drilling muds ineffective; the consequences include complex phenomena and problems such as formation damage, pipe sticking, sloughing shale, and uncontrollable kicks. Properly designed drilling fluids are required to overcome the challenges posed by high temperature and overpressure formations. Thus, modified starch has been introduced as an additive to reduce or even eliminate the deficiencies of conventional drilling fluids; it can enhance their properties in complex formations. Drilling operations in unconventional reservoirs such as coal-bed methane and shale ones require appropriate drilling muds to prevent hole problems such as sloughing shale, fluid loss, and formation damage. The visc
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