Evaluation of the surface water quality in the Kebir-Rhumel catchment area (northeast Algeria) using biotic indices and
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SELECTED CASE STUDIES ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN AND SURROUNDING REGIONS
Evaluation of the surface quality in the Kebir-Rhumel catchment area (northeast Algeria) using biotic indices and physico-chemical analyses Imane Saal 1
&
Djaouida Bouchelouche 1 & Ceria Hamache 1 & Abdeslem Arab 1
Received: 31 March 2020 / Accepted: 23 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Assessing the water quality of the Kebir-Rhumel watershed by the use of benthic macroinvertebrates and physico-chemical analysis is the aim of this work. Thirteen physicochemical parameters and macroinvertebrates fauna were collected monthly in 15 stations located along the catchment area in the two principal wadis: El Kebir and Rhumel. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to study the relationships between physico-chemical parameters and macroinvertebrates. Biotic indices Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP′), Global Biological Normalized Index (IBGN), EPT index (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera), and %EPT/Chironomidae, based on benthic macroinvertebrates, have been applied in assessing the biological water quality. According to the results, a majority of the physicochemical parameters measured during the study period show spatial heterogeneity (Kruskal-Wallis, P value < 0.05), indicating that Rhumel wadi is more polluted compared with El Kebir wadi; the NO2−, NO3−, PO4−3, Cl−, and SM contents are very high consequences of human and industrial anthropogenic actions. Canonical correspondence analysis has shown that the environmental parameters measured during this study influence the dynamics of macroinvertebrates, and the polluo-resistant taxa (Chironomidae) predominate in sites very rich in organic matter with low oxygen conditions. Sensitive taxa have a vulnerability to pollution. The biotic indices used confirm the diagnosis of the physicochemical analysis demonstrating a very degraded quality at Rhumel wadi. The EPT index and %EPT/Chironomidae results are closer to the scores of the BMWP′ index. Keywords Water quality . Macroinvertebrates . Biotic indices . Physico-chemical analysis . Kebir-Rhumel . Wadi
Introduction Water resources, especially surface water, play a vital role in various sectors of the economy (Effendi 2016). The growing deterioration in the quality of freshwater resources means that there is an urgent need to develop tools, methods, and approaches to reliably quantify the impact of activities of human origin on freshwater ecosystems (Edegbene et al. 2019). Assessing the impacts of urbanization on rivers and streams Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * Imane Saal [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Dynamics and Biodiversity, FSB, USTHB, LP 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
involves researching and using a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological indicators (Wang et al. 2012b). However, many authors recommend the use of biological communities to the detriment of physico-chemical variables which provide a point-in-time approximation
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