Determination of water erosion in Kowsar catchment area and evaluation of Gabion structures in its control
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Determination of water erosion in Kowsar catchment area and evaluation of Gabion structures in its control Mohammad Albaji1 · Behnaz Ershadian2 · Abdolhossein Noori Nejad3 · Ebrahim Mohammadi3 · Shoja Ghorban Dashtaki4 Received: 15 June 2019 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Water erosion is one of the problems in the country that reduces soil fertility, environmental degradation, food security threats, and the filling of dams’ reservoirs. Therefore, the use of sedimentation control methods such as Gabion structures is considered important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the geotechnical structures of Kowsar watershed in the Khuzestan province with an area of 64.81 km2, located in the longitude 48°25′36″ to 48°33′27″ east, and the latitudes 32°40′54″ to 32°45′38″ north. In this basin, 279 structures with a volume of 13,374.35 m3 were studied in 2017. The results of this study showed that the specific erosion and sediment production in this basin were 5742 m3 km−2 and 145,130 m3 year−1. Based on the area of each of the sub-basin and based on PSIAC factors, it was found that 76.12% of the basin area was in the very erosive class, 0.3% in the erosion class and 23.58% in the moderate erosion class. In general, it was expected that 13,442.99 m3 of sediment would be inhibited in this sub-basin, but due to the destruction of some structures, the trapped sediment rate was determined to be 79,421.8 m3. Therefore, the structures constructed in the Kowsar basin with an efficiency of 59% had a relatively good ability to contain sediments in this basin. Keywords Dez basin · Gabion structures · PSIAC method · Sediment · Watershed management
Introduction In the world, food security and stability greatly depend on the management of natural resources (Naseri et al. 2009a; Albaji et al. 2008). The scarcity of water in arid and semiarid regions such as Iran is a restrictive element for the agricultural sector; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop initiatives to save water in this particular sector (Abyaneh et al. 2017; Chegah et al. 2013). Due to the depletion of water resources and an increase in population, the extent of irrigated land areas per capita is declining
* Mohammad Albaji [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Faculty of Water & Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2
Jahad Daneshgahi Khouzestan, Behnian Jonoob Consulting Engineering Co, Ahvaz, Iran
3
Saz Ab Pardazan Consulting Engineering Co, Ahvaz, Iran
4
Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
(Naseri et al. 2009b; Albaji et al. 2014). Consequently, the available land and water resources may not be able to meet various demands in the near future that will inevitably result in the irrigation of additional lands to achieve sustainable global food security (Landi et al. 2008; Albaji et al. 2015). On the other hand, due to the phenomenon of water erosion, many land and water reso
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