Evangelical Awakenings in the Anglophone Caribbean Studies from Gren
This book examines the evangelical Christian worship focusing primarily in the island-state of Grenada. The study is based upon the author’s detailed study of Pentecostal communities in that island-state as well as her own background in Barbados. Th
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Paula L. Aymer
Evangelical Awakenings in the Anglophone Caribbean
Paula L. Aymer
Evangelical Awakenings in the Anglophone Caribbean Studies from Grenada and Barbados
Paula L. Aymer Tufts University Medford, MA, USA
ISBN 978-1-137-56114-5 ISBN 978-1-137-56115-2 DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-56115-2
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016951222 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover image © NPC Collectiom / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Nature America Inc. New York
PREFACE
In 1787, Wesleyan Methodist evangelical missionaries arrived on Barbados and the Ceded Islands (Windward Islands, West Indies) with a new message of Christian salvation directed at thousands of enslaved Africans living there. Initially, the Wesleyan Methodists concentrated their efforts on two islands. Grenada, that was well-settled by French Europeans and their enslaved Africans, and Barbados also well-settled since the 1650s by British slave owners. It was an audacious project, in that the slaves on Grenada were Roman Catholic and spoke a French Creole. Besides, Barbados was the seat of Anglicanism in the British West Indies, and Anglican clergy who reserved Christianity for British settlers were very suspicious of the Methodists. The British Wesleyan Methodist missionaries persisted in their efforts, and itinerant missionaries eventually launched out throughout the entire region. British religious traditions form the core of British colonialism, and eventually provided socio-economic mobility for some of the descendants of the slaves. Many who were influenced by British colonial, religious and educational institutions and culture became members of the region’s educated middleclasses. In the late 1950s, North American evangelicals began a missionary outreach program, to the Caribbean region, and th
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