Evolution of Water Resources Management in Central Asia
Since time immemorial, the water and all water-related components of life had been one of the key factors determining the development of civilizations. Water basins have no political boundaries. Water is the vital common wealth of all people on the Earth.
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Water and Energy Resources of Central Asia 3 Basin Principle of Water Resource Management 4 Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) 5 Conclusions References
Abstract Since time immemorial, the water and all water-related components of life had been one of the key factors determining the development of civilizations. Water basins have no political boundaries. Water is the vital common wealth of all people on the Earth. Any attempts to divide it by force had led the society to wars and disasters. In Central Asia, water is the main uniting and dissociating factor. The causes of conflicts and rivalry for water among water users were water deficit, deterioration of water quality, and unbalanced system of water management for power generation.
I. S. Zonn (*) Engineering Research Production Center for Water Management, Land Reclamation and Ecology “Soyuzvodproject”, Moscow, Russia S.Yu. Witte Moscow University, Moscow, Russia e-mail: [email protected] S. S. Zhiltsov The Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia S.Yu. Witte Moscow University, Moscow, Russia e-mail: [email protected] A. V. Semenov S.Yu. Witte Moscow University, Moscow, Russia e-mail: [email protected] Igor S. Zonn, Sergey S. Zhiltsov, Andrey G. Kostianoy, and Aleksandr V. Semenov (eds.), Water Resources Management in Central Asia, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_599, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
I. S. Zonn et al.
In five Central Asian states located in the basins of the major rivers – Syr Darya and Amu Darya, the water dependence among them is so strong that it simply dooms these countries to joint management of all waters formed here and used by all peoples inhabiting this area to ensure regional security. Apart from difficulties faced with water distribution regulation across the territory, there are also complexities with regulation of water supply in time as various water users have their own specific time-related demand for water. This also requires the well-balanced actions. For the last five decades, the countries have been looking for the best form of water resource management. Keywords Central Asia, Hydropower generation, Institutional arrangements, Irrigation, Water resources
1 Introduction In the Central Asian region, the water that for many millennia had been the key attribute of vital activities played the crucial role in the development and collapse of civilizations. Here the philosophical notion “Obi Hayot” (Water – Life) appeared. It is the water and energy balance that determines the inner stability of the region. In the Soviet Union times, the water management system was established. In the unified state, the mechanism of administrative and command control of water management was developed, improved, applied, and permanently optimized. It harmonized the opposing interests of energy and agriculture, industry, communal facilities, and fishery. The decisions were taken to min
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