Ex situ and in situ conservation gap analysis of crop wild relative diversity in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Ex situ and in situ conservation gap analysis of crop wild relative diversity in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East Wathek Zair
. Nigel Maxted . Joana Magos Brehm . Ahmed Amri
Received: 17 October 2019 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Crop wild relatives (CWRs) are important reservoirs of adaptive traits for crop breeding programmes. Both ex situ and in situ conservation approaches should be deployed to ensure CWR availability for use. This paper aims to (a) create a regional database of occurrence records for the 441 priority CWRs in the Fertile Crescent, (b) identify CWR-rich areas in the Fertile Crescent, (c) recommend locations to implement genetic reserves intended for CWRs active in situ conservation and (d) undertake ex situ and in situ conservation gap analyses. The study area comprises Jordan, Syria, Palestine/Israel, Lebanon, Turkey and Iraq. Occurrence records of the 441 priority CWR within the Fertile Crescent were gathered from herbaria, gene banks and online databases. Gaps in the current ex situ and in situ conservation were identified. Hotspots of CWR diversity were identified, and complementary analysis was carried
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-01017-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. W. Zair (&) N. Maxted J. M. Brehm School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK e-mail: [email protected] A. Amri Genetic Resources Section, International Centre for Agricultural Research, Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
out to identify areas for in situ conservation using DIVA-GIS. Then proposed genetic reserves were compared with the existing protected areas to establish genetic reserve areas whether within or outside the protected areas. A total of 23,878 occurrence records were collated for 441 CWR priorities. The first priority grid square is located in Syria near Tal Kalakh City, close to the Lebanese border from the north. The second priority site is located in Turkey’s Izmir Province near Kemal Atatu¨rk Mahallesi. The third priority site is located in Turkey’s Sahinbey/Gaziantep Province. The ex situ gap analysis revealed that of the 441 taxa, 134 (30%) CWRs are totally absent from the current gene banks collections. Only 307 (70%) CWRs are represented in gene banks, and, of these taxa, 252 (57%) of them have less than 10 accessions in gene banks. A total of 353 taxa were categorised as a high priority for collection and conservation; 23 taxa were categorised as a medium priority and 41 taxa as a low priority. However, 24 taxa were identified that did not require urgent collection (see Supplementary Table 7). The most important areas for a further collection of ex situ conservation are located in the west and south of Turkey across the Mediterranean seashore, north of Lebanon and west of Syria (in Lattakia and Tartus Governorate), across the border between Turkey and Syr
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