Exploring the diversity and distribution of crop wild relatives of cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.) in Colombia
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Exploring the diversity and distribution of crop wild relatives of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in Colombia Carlos E. Gonza´lez-Orozco Roxana Yockteng
. Angela A. Sa´nchez Gala´n
. Pablo E. Ramos
.
Received: 21 October 2019 / Accepted: 4 June 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Crop wild relatives are important for agriculture because they contain high levels of genetic diversity and grow in a wide range of habitats and environments. Colombia has the largest number of cacao crop wild relatives in the world, including different species of the genus Theobroma and its sister genus Herrania. This paper investigates diversity and distribution of cacao crop wild relatives in Colombia using species occurrences extracted from museum and herbarium archives, fieldwork collections gathered Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-00960-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. C. E. Gonza´lez-Orozco (&) Corporacio´n Colombiana de Investigacio´n Agropecuaria – Agrosavia, Centro de Investigacio´n La Libertad, Km 14 vı´a Puerto Lo´pez, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia e-mail: [email protected] A. A. S. Gala´n Universidad de los Andes, Herbario Andes, Bogota´ 111711, Colombia
on recently conducted expeditions and species distribution modelling. A total of 211 botanical collections comprising 174 samples of Theobroma species, and 37 samples of Herrania species were collected on expeditions to Cagua´n–Caqueta´ in the upper Amazon basin and La Victoria, in the Pacific region of central Choco. These collections represent 22 taxa of cacao crop wild relatives. On the Choco´ expedition, we reported the highest richness and endemism, where seven taxa of Theobroma and three of Herrania were found within a radius of 10 km, which has never been recorded before. On the Amazon expedition, we found an abundance of wild populations of Theobroma cacao on the river banks. We estimated that 95% of R. Yockteng Corporacio´n Colombiana de Investigacio´n Agropecuaria – Agrosavia, Centro de Investigacio´n Tibaitata´, Km 14 vı´a a Mosquera, Bogota´, Cundinamarca, Colombia R. Yockteng UMR-CNRS 7205, Muse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
P. E. Ramos Corporacio´n Colombiana de Investigacio´n Agropecuaria – Agrosavia, Centro de Investigacio´n Nataima, Km 9 vı´a Espinal-Chicoral, Tolima, Sede Florencia, Caqueta´, Colombia
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Genet Resour Crop Evol
the most suitable environments for wild cacao in Colombia are in unprotected areas. Our study reveals that species diversity and endemism of cacao crop wild relatives in Colombia is under sampled and distributional patterns are incomplete. Based on the findings of our study, we propose a conservation strategy that consists of further expeditions to collect herbarium and germplasm samples, and habitat protection of cacao crop wild relatives in Colombia. Keywords Biodiversity Crop wild relatives Herrania Theobroma Tr
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