Examining the roles of renewable energy consumption and agriculture on CO 2 emission in lucky-seven countries
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Examining the roles of renewable energy consumption and agriculture on CO2 emission in lucky-seven countries Kemal Eyuboglu 1
&
Umut Uzar 2
Received: 30 March 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Environmental degradation has become an important global issue due to the extraordinary increase in greenhouse gas emissions in recent years. Therefore, identifying the main determinants of environmental degradation is one of the primary agenda items of researchers and policymakers. In the literature, many social, economic, and sectorial factors related to the main determinants of CO2 emissions have been studied. Although these studies provide very important information about the causes of CO2 emissions and environmental degradation, some deficiencies remain in the related literature. The agricultural sector activities, which are an important sector at a global level and have significant potential impacts on CO2 emissions, have not been adequately studied. In order to fill this gap, the effects of agriculture and renewable energy on CO2 emissions were examined for lucky-seven countries during the period 1995–2014. The results of panel cointegration reveal the presence of long-run nexus among the variables. While the findings indicate that agriculture increases CO2 emissions, renewable energy is a very important catalyst in reducing CO2 emissions in lucky-seven countries. We also found that economic growth and energy consumption enhance CO2 emissions and trade openness decreases. Panel VECM results indicate that variables are the causes of CO2 emission in the long run. Also, we find that economic growth is the cause of CO2 emissions in the short run. Keywords CO2 emissions . Renewable energy . Agriculture . Panel cointegration . Lucky-seven countries
Introduction The extraordinary acceleration of technological advances has rapidly increased people’s well-being and quality of life, especially in the past few decades. Moreover, environmental issues caused by increased greenhouse gas emissions threaten the life quality of societies (Waheed et al. 2018). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2014) stated that environmental problems such as greenhouse gas Responsible Editor: Eyup Dogan * Kemal Eyuboglu [email protected] Umut Uzar [email protected] 1
Department of Finance and Banking, The Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tarsus University, Mersin, Turkey
2
Department of Economics, The Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
problems and climate change are one of the most important threats to the future of public welfare and human existence. Especially the global population problems, the acceleration of globalization and the increase in the use of energy consumption (ENE) have increased the level of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), which is one of the most important reasons for environmental degradation. Data from BP Statistical Review (2019) reveals the dangerous increase
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