Exercise Addiction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: an International Study Confirming the Need for Considering Passion and
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Exercise Addiction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: an International Study Confirming the Need for Considering Passion and Perfectionism Ricardo de la Vega 1 & Lucia Jiménez Almendros 1 & Roberto Ruíz Barquín 2 & Szilvia Boros 3 & Zsolt Demetrovics 4 & Attila Szabo 3,4 Accepted: 11 November 2020/ # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract
Various levels of lockdown due to COVID-19 limit people’s habitual physical activity. Individuals addicted to exercise, health-oriented, and team-exercisers could be the most affected. We examined the COVID-19-related changes in exercise volume in 1079 exercisers from eight Spanish-speaking nations based on exercise addiction categories, primary reasons for exercise, and forms of exercise. The COVID-19-related decrease in exercise volume was 49.24% in the sample. The proportion of the risk of exercise addiction was 15.2%. Most (81.7%) of the participants exercised for a health-related reason. These exercisers reported lesser decrease in their exercise volume than those exercising for social reasons. The risk of exercise addiction was inversely related to changes in exercise volume, but after controlling for passion and perfectionism the relationship vanished. The reported effect of COVID-19 on training did not differ between the exercise addiction groups. The findings also confirm that exercise addiction research should control for passion and perfectionism. Keywords Exercise dependence . Individual sport . Reason for exercise . Team sport . Training A physically active lifestyle has physical (Lee et al. 2011) and mental health benefits (Clow and Edmunds 2013). Most often people engage in physical activity for a health reason, such as coping
* Attila Szabo [email protected]
1
Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
2
Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
3
Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Bogdánfy u. 10/ B, Budapest 1117, Hungary
4
Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
with stress (Berczik et al. 2012; Szabo et al. 2019). In certain cases, the habitual physical activity could become compulsive (Stevens et al. 2013), which stems from tolerance (a natural training effect) and urges the person to progressively increase her/his exercise to achieve the same benefits as before. The craving for more and more exercise may result in loss of control, and from that point on the behavior is no longer “healthy” (Szabo 2010). When a person loses control over her/his physical activity a dysfunctional behavior, known as “exercise addiction,” may be observed (Szabo 2010; Szabo et al. 2015). While this morbidity is relatively rare (i.e., ≈ 3.7%) as based on a recent metaanalysis (Trott et al. 2020), there are about 1000 published scholastic articles in the field (Szabo and Kovacsik 2019). The keen interest in the topic was only r
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