Expedition of liposomes to intracellular targets in solid tumors after intravenous administration
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REVIEW
Expedition of liposomes to intracellular targets in solid tumors after intravenous administration Sarandeep Malhi • Kalpana Dixit • Harmik Sohi Ranjita Shegokar
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Received: 11 February 2013 / Accepted: 10 March 2013 / Published online: 3 April 2013 Ó The Korean Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology 2013
Abstract Liposomes as a drug delivery system provides a leading approach for the systemic (intravenous) administration of drugs. Several approaches to kill tumor cells specifically have been developed, but still there is dearth in their selectivity. Among all other nano-carrier systems, liposomal formulations of cytotoxic drugs have received an appreciable recommendation in the form of clinical approvals. Liposomal delivery provides the benefits of reduced toxicity and enhanced efficacy for the treatment of cancer. However, delivery of liposomes to desired cell type with its further trafficking to desired intracellular organelle is a challenging, yet a promising approach for safer cancer therapeutics. Several anatomical-physiological barriers starting from systemic to cellular to intracellular levels are required to be overcome to achieve efficient cancer therapy. This review discusses the barriers associated with the delivery of liposomes from the extracellular to intracellular compartments of a solid tumor and further summarizes the development of liposomal carrier system to overcome these barriers.
S. Malhi Fresenius Kabi Ltd., Gurgaon, India K. Dixit C. U. Shah College of Pharmacy, S. N. D. T. Women’s University, Santacruz (West), Mumbai 400049, India H. Sohi (&) NDDS, Glenmark Generics Ltd., Navi Mumbai 410208, India e-mail: [email protected] R. Shegokar Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and NutriCosmetics, Free University of Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany
Keywords Liposomes Solid tumours Intravenous administration Subcellular targets Cancer
Introduction Recently, liposomes mediated delivery approaches are gaining importance in cancer therapeutics, as these approaches provide improved pharmacokinetics and biodistribution compared to other conventional therapies. Liposomal delivery provides benefit by reducing side effects of therapeutic agents along with the deliverance of efficient therapeutic profile at lower doses. The approach for the development of liposomal delivery systems start with our understanding of the complexities of bioprocesses involved in situ. The major hurdle towards liposomal drug delivery is defense mechanisms prevailing in our body, as they recognize liposomes as exogenous nano-pathogens and initiate their clearance from the body. These hurdles further extend to other systemic barriers involving the compatibility with blood, serum proteins and reticulo-endothelial system (RES). Several attempts, to overcome these hurdles, have been made by various researchers and are discussed further in this review. But still, crossing the systemic barrier not guarantees the achievement of efficient therapeutic levels
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