Experience of Using Traditional and New Technological Solutions in Nuclear Power Engineering Paper Discussion
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he Rostrum of the RAS Presidium Experience of Using Traditional and New Technological Solutions in Nuclear Power Engineering Paper Discussion M. E. Khalizeva Journal Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia e-mail: [email protected] Received March 4, 2020; revised March 10, 2020; accepted April 24, 2020
Abstract—A wide range of issues related to the safety of nuclear energy was raised in the speeches of the participants in the RAS Presidium meeting on February 25, 2020. This is one of the main problems of the industry—the disposal of radioactive waste and the optimization of this process, promising technologies related to the closed fuel cycle, the development of atomic hydrogen energy, the radiological protection of the population and personnel of nuclear facilities, and the cooperation of industry and academic institutes on this topic. The general conclusion is that the nuclear industry has created a solid scientific and personnel groundwork that fundamentally solves the problem of radioactive waste disposal and ensures long-term world leadership of the Russian Federation in the field of nuclear energy. Keywords: radioactive waste management, Breakthrough project, closed nuclear fuel cycle, atomic hydrogen energy, high temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor, radiological protection. DOI: 10.1134/S1019331620040036
Discussion of the paper of RAS Academician L.A. Bol’shov, addressing the most important aspects of nuclear energy safety, began with, perhaps, the most relevant topic for the industry—the disposal of radioactive waste. RAS President Academician A.M. Sergeev, emphasizing the extremely important role of the IBRAE RAS in substantiating the safety and development prospects of nuclear energy and its fruitful cooperation with the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom, asked the speaker how much radioactive waste had been accumulated in the world and how the problem of handling it in Russia and abroad was being solved. As of 2019, there are over 450 nuclear power reactors operating in 31 countries of the world. Each of these countries has its own stockpiles of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). According to some expert data, approximately 400000 t of spent nuclear fuel have been accumulated in the world, and up to 20000 t in Russian storage facilities. The main trend in handling irradiated fuel is burial, Bol’shov said. This is a global trend. The difference is how to bury it—with or without processing. In most countries, including the United States, Canada, Finland, Sweden, and Switzerland, nuclear fuel that has worked out in the energy reactor is considered to be radioactive waste (RW) and is sent to storage or exported without processing. Russia,
France, and Britain have adopted a reprocessing strategy: they perceive irradiated nuclear fuel as a valuable material suitable for further use in industry. In our country, it is delivered to the RT-1 radiochemical plant of the Mayak Production Association (Chelyabinsk oblast) and the Isotope Chemical Plant of the Mining and Chemical Combine (Krasnoy
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