Experimental and theoretical study on the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using ceftriaxone as a stabilizing reagent for
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Experimental and theoretical study on the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using ceftriaxone as a stabilizing reagent for and its catalysis for dopamine Yuan-zhi Song & An-feng Zhu & Yang Song & Zhi-peng Cheng & Jian Xu & Jian-feng Zhou
Published online: 5 September 2012 # The Author (s) 2012. This article is published with open access at SpringerLink.com
Abstract Electrochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles on the surface of glassy carbon electrode and preparation of GNPs in aqueous solution using ceftriaxone as an innocuous stabilizing reagent were proposed. The gold nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectrometry, UV spectrophotometry, powder X-ray diffraction, and cyclic voltammetry. The catalysis of gold nanoparticles on the glassy carbon electrode for dopamine was demonstrated. The results indicate that the modified electrode has an excellent repeatability and reproducibility. The relationship between the molecular structure and the dispersion of GNPs on the surface of GCE as well as the catalysis of GNPs for dopamine was discussed. Keywords Gold nanoparticles . Synthesis . Ceftriaxone . Stabilizing reagent
Introduction Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been widely used in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and material science [1]. To maximize the efficiency of GNPs in their applications, well-controlled particle size, efficient particle dispersion, and excellent reproducibility are necessary. The Y.-z. Song (*) : A.-f. Zhu : Z.-p. Cheng : J.-f. Zhou Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai An 223300, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] Y. Song (*) : J. Xu College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Peking 100029, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected]
strategies for immobilization of GNPs layers onto the surfaces include electrostatic links and covalent bonding. The surface of functional groups (COOH, OH, SH, and NH2) are suitable substrate for the deposition of GNPs [2–5]. The reduction of HAuCl4 is the most used methods for the preparation of GNPs in aqueous solution; reductants such as ascorbic acid [6], citrate [7–9], and borohydride [10, 11] have been used in this reaction. Electrochemical deposition of metal nanoparticles has been found a better alternative because of their flexibility in controlling the size and coverage of the metal nanoparticles [12, 13]. However, it is difficult to control the size of GNPs in the aqueous solution because the size of the GNPs in aqueous solution is commonly controlled by changing the reaction parameters such as molar ratio of the reductant, gold precursor, pH, temperature, the stabilizing reagent, and the prepared process is time consuming. The stabilizing reagent of GNPs is most important factor; the size and dispersion are controlled mainly by the molecule of s
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