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ORIGINAL

Experimental investigation of pressure drop and cooling performance of an automobile radiator using Al2O3-water + ethylene glycol nanofluid Adnan Topuz 1 & Tahsin Engin 2 & Beytullah Erdoğan 1

&

Serdar Mert 2 & Alper Yeter 3

Received: 10 June 2019 / Accepted: 10 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract In this study, the cooling capacity and the pressure drop variation in an automobile radiator using nanofluid instead of water with antifreeze that are investigated experimentally. The nanofluid consisted of 50% Ethylene Glycol–Water mixture including Al2O3 nanoparticles with 0.5% volumetric concentration was used as coolant. In all experiments, the inlet temperature of the cooling fluid into the radiator was held constant at 95 C. The tests were carried out at the air inlet temperature between 23.4–28.6 °C, the air velocity between 1.7–4.3 m/s, the cooling loads between 2.5–15 kW and the cooling fluid flow rates between 10 and 25 L/ min. Results demonstrate that 50% Ethylene Glycol–Water based 0.5% vol. Al2O3 nanofluid increased the cooling capacity of the radiator up to 15% compared to the fluid with only 50% Ethylene Glycol–Water mixture. Instead of 15% increment, radiator can make with smaller surface area up to 15%, or the flow rate can be decreased for same heat transfer rate, so fluid pumping power consumption can be reduced in order to save fuel as much as pumping power economy. In addition, it has not been observed a remarkable increase in the pressure drop. Keywords Al2O3 nanofluid . Cooling performance . Heat transfer enhancement . Pressure drop . Car radiator

Nomenclature c specific heat (J/kg · K.) d diameter (m) EG Ethylene glycol EW 50% ethylene glycol–water mixture k thermal conductivity (W/m · K) K data of Kale Oto Radyatör for Vair/Vair, max m mass (kg) m˙ mass flow rate (kg/s) N (nanofluid) P pressure (bar, Pa) Q heat transfer rate (W) T temperature (°C, K)


* Beytullah Erdoğan [email protected] 1

Engineering Faculty, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey

2

Engineering Faculty, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey

3

Kale Oto Radyatör Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş, Kocaeli, Turkey

V ∀ W h

velocity (m/s) volumetric flow rate (m3/s, L/min) additional pumping power (W) heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K)

Greek symbols α thermal diffusivity (m2/s) Δ variation or difference of a parameter μ dynamic viscosity (Pa · s) or (kg/m · s) ρ density (kg/m3) ϕ volumetric concentration (%) Subscripts air (air) bf base fluid cool (coolant) EG Ethylene Glycol in (inlet) nf (nanofluid) np (nanoparticle) out (outlet) rad (radiator)

Water

EGWater

Water

Water

Water

EGWater EGWater Water

EG

Water

Water

EGWater

EGWater

[5]

[9]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[30]

[31]

[19]

Base Fluid

MW CNT

TiO2

CuO Fe2O3

Fe2O3

Cu

TiO2 SiO2

CuO

Al2O3

TiO2

ZnO

Al2O3

Al2O3

GO, GNR

Nano Particle

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