Exploring mechanism of five chemically treated biochars in adsorbing ammonium from wastewater: understanding role of phy
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Exploring mechanism of five chemically treated biochars in adsorbing ammonium from wastewater: understanding role of physiochemical characteristics Haihong Song 1 & Jianming Wang 1 & Ankit Garg 1
&
Shu Lin 2
Received: 10 August 2020 / Revised: 3 November 2020 / Accepted: 6 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Excess existence of ammonium in water bodies is a hazard to aquatic health. Recent studies demonstrated the use of pig manure biochar (PBC) as a potential adsorbent for ammonium removal. This study investigates alteration in the adsorption capability of modified PBCs to ammonium. Modifications were done by immersing PBC in different acid/alkaline mediums such as H2SO4 HCl, NaOH, KOH, and FeSO4. Adsorption kinetics of modified PBC to ammonium was studied and compared. Also, physical characteristics of these modified biochars were analyzed using BET, SEM, XRD, and FTIR to explore the ammonium adsorption mechanism. The adsorption capacity of ammonia nitrogen was improved for PBCKOH and PBCHCl, whereas it was found to decrease for other modified biochars. The improvement is likely due to an increase in specific surface area and pore size as well as formation of active functional groups and ions during the modification process. While both pseudo-first-order kinetics (R2 > 0. 9) and pseudo-second-order (R2 > 0.9) kinetics could fit the adsorption kinetic data well, among modified biochars, PBCFeSO4 and PBCH2S04 fit better with pseudo-first-order model, while others fit pseudo-second-order model better. Both Langmuir and Freundlich model were in good agreement with the adsorption isotherm data for raw and modified biochars (R2 > 0.9). Variation in the adsorption capacity of ammonia nitrogen by different modified PBC might be due to synthesis of both physical and chemical factors. This study will lay a theoretical foundation for the future exploration of modification treatments of pig manure biochar for adsorption of ammonia nitrogen from wastewater. Keywords Ammonium . Adsorption capacity . Chemical modification . Micro-structure analysis . Biochar
1 Introduction Among many conventional biological and physicochemical ammonium removal processes [1, 2], adsorption by various eco-friendly materials (activated carbon, biochar, fibers) is a promising alternative. In addition to conventional adsorption materials such as zeolite and activated carbon, biochar made
* Ankit Garg [email protected] 1
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Center for Structure Safety and Health Monitoring, Shantou University, Guangdong Province, Shantou, China
2
National Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, No. 18 Ruihe Road, Guangzhou 510530, China
from various biomass has shown its potential as an adsorbent for ammonium [3–5]. However, ammonium adsorption capaci
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