The effect of SiO 2 on phosphate and ammonium recovery from fertilizer wastewater
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The effect of SiO2 on phosphate and ammonium recovery from fertilizer wastewater IDAA Warmadewanthi1,2 · Adinda Larasati2 Received: 28 March 2020 / Accepted: 30 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Phosphate and ammonium recovery from wastewater could produce magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP). Several previous studies have found that precursor ions have an impact on MAP formation, such as the presence of calcium, sulfate, fluoride, and other ions. The wastewater from the petrochemical industry that mainly produces fertilizer contains a high concentration of ammonium, phosphate, and silica. This study aims to determine the effect of silica on MAP precipitation. The batch system used a jar test at an optimum speed of 158 rpm for 60 min. MgCl2 was used as a precipitation agent. Synthetic wastewater with a [Mg]/[NH4–N]/[PO4] and [SiO2] ratio was predicted using the PHREEQC model. The pH variations of the sample were 8, 8.5, and 9. SiO2 concentration varied in the range of 20–1000 mg/L. The parameters measured were pH, silica, phosphate, ammonium, and magnesium concentration, and MAP morphology. MAP precipitation has an impact on increasing the concentration of silica in wastewater. Recovery of phosphate and ammonium reduction reached 20% and 10%, respectively, with the concentration of silica of 1000 mg/L at pH 9 ± 0.2. The morphology of MAP as analyzed by SEM and XRD shows that silica has an impact on the purity of the MAP. Keywords Ammonium · Magnesium · Phosphate · Silica
Introduction A high concentration of phosphate and ammonium in fertilizer wastewater effluents could lead to serious environmental problems. Excess concentration of ammonium would cause an increment in oxygen demand and biological * IDAA Warmadewanthi [email protected] 1
Centre of Research of Infrastructure and Sustainable Environment, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
2
Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
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I. Warmadewanthi, A. Larasati
eutrophication in areas of aquatic bases and create a direct toxic impression on marine life [1]. Similar to that effect, continuous discharge of phosphate leads to accumulation of large amounts of P O43− in aquatic environments causing depletion of oxygen in water and increase in the amount of organic matter in the ecosystem [2]. One of the solutions to this phenomenon is phosphate and ammonium recovery process. MAP or struvite crystallization is the example solution to recover phosphate and ammonium. Studies of MAP crystallization have been developed and applied widely in industry, especially to avoid pipe scaling [3]. MAP has several purposes as a recyclable product; one of them is a slow-release fertilizer [4]. Slow-release fertilizers attracted more attention, such as the slowrelease N-fertilizer that could increase water retention capacity of soil and could improve fertilizer use efficiency [5]. Since it is named magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP), which consist
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