Somatic Embryogenesis for Clonal Propagation and Associated Molecular Studies in Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) cultivation faces several acute problems that reduce its productivity and competitiveness. Production inefficiency of seedlings for replanting remains an issue. Tissue culture is expected to provide pragmatic solutions. Establis

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icultural, Forestry and Bioindustry Biotechnology and Biodiscovery

Agricultural, Forestry and Bioindustry Biotechnology and Biodiscovery

Pablo A. Chong David J. Newman  •  Douglas A. Steinmacher Editors

Agricultural, Forestry and Bioindustry Biotechnology and Biodiscovery

Editors Pablo A. Chong ESPOL Polytechnic University Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE) Guayaquil, Ecuador

David J. Newman Newman Consulting LLC Wayne, PA, USA

ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida (FCV) Guayaquil, Ecuador Douglas A. Steinmacher Vivetech Agrociências Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil Vitroplan Agrociências Eldorado, SP, Brazil

ISBN 978-3-030-51357-3    ISBN 978-3-030-51358-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51358-0 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

To Adriana, Abigail, Emily, Daynet, Paloma, David, Douglas, and the entire CIBE-ESPOL team and In memory of Wilmer Omar Moposita Llundo

Preface

Food security, crop protection, biodiversity, and human and environmental health are among the main needs and concerns of modern society. Biotechnology and life sciences represent constantly evolving areas that are key for the rational use of natural resources. These resources are indispensable for the development of society. This book presents memoirs of the IV International Biotechnology and Biodiversity Congress held in Guayaquil, Ecuador, 2018, as extent works and reviews on the trend of agricultural and forestry biotechnology, molecules and materials biodiscovery, ethnomedicine, environmental impact,