Study of the genetic diversity of cocoa populations ( Theobroma cacao L.) of Martinique (FWI) and potential for processi
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Study of the genetic diversity of cocoa populations (Theobroma cacao L.) of Martinique (FWI) and potential for processing and the cocoa industry Sandra Adenet . Franc¸oise Regina . Dominique Rogers . Sarah Bharath . Xavier Argout . Katia Rochefort . Christian Cilas
Received: 4 December 2019 / Accepted: 4 May 2020 Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The establishment of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in Martinique is an old story. Some authors believe that the first cocoa trees were planted there by the native Caribbean people, while others indicate that cocoa was introduced in the seventeenth century. Since then, the history of cocoa farming in Martinique has been punctuated by different waves of introduction from various countries and by cyclonic episodes that ravaged its cultivation. Today, there are many cocoa trees coming from this turbulent history and this
current study has started to better understand the genetic diversity of the current orchards. Our interest in Martiniquan cocoa also comes from very encouraging results on aromatic properties of chocolates made with Martiniquan beans. A total of 161 cocoa trees located from the different regions of the island were genotyped, using a set of SNP markers. Sensory descriptive profiles of the chocolates comings from these trees were carried out by a provider laboratory, according to the sensory method described by AFNOR
S. Adenet (&) F. Regina K. Rochefort PARM, Poˆle Agro Ressources et de Recherche de Martinique, 347, Impasse Petit-Morne, 97232 Lamentin, Martinique e-mail: [email protected]
X. Argout CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia e-mail: [email protected]
F. Regina e-mail: [email protected]
X. Argout C. Cilas Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier Supagro, Montpellier, France e-mail: [email protected]
K. Rochefort e-mail: [email protected] D. Rogers Laboratoire AIHP-GEODE, Universite´ des Antilles, 10 Avenue des Arawaks, 97200 Fort-de-France, Martinique e-mail: [email protected] S. Bharath Cocoa Republic, 3 Crystal Stream Avenue, Petit Valley, Trinidad e-mail: [email protected]
X. Argout Agrosavia. Centro de Investigacio´n Palmira, Diagonal a la interseccio´n de la carrera 36a con calle 23, Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia C. Cilas UR 106, CIRAD, Univ Montpellier, TA A-106/D Campus international de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier, France
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Genet Resour Crop Evol
(French Agency for Standardization) NF ISO 11035 (July 1995). We observed a genetic diversity within the Martiniquan cocoa orchards with a genetic admixture consisting of ancestry of 6 out of the 10 Theobroma cacao ancestral genetic groups which testifies to these numerous waves of introduction; the main representative ancestry group is Amelonado, then Criollo. The first tests of sensory analysis revealed a strong aromatic potential of Martiniquan cocoa, probably due to a favorable terroir effect. Keywords Theobroma cacao L Genetic diversity Terr
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