Export Mechanisms and Energy Transduction in Type-III Secretion Machines
The remarkably complex architecture and organization of bacterial nanomachines originally raised the enigma to how they are assembled in a coordinated manner. Over the years, the assembly processes of the flagellum and evolutionary-related injectisome com
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Contents 1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 2 Substrate Recognition and Presentation to the Export Gate .............................................. 3 Signals for Type-III Secretion............................................................................................. 4 Cargo Transfer and Accumulation ...................................................................................... 5 Substrate Docking at the Export Gate ................................................................................ 6 Transport Across the Inner Membrane ............................................................................... 7 Transport and Assembly Beyond the Inner Membrane ..................................................... 8 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... References ..................................................................................................................................
Abstract The remarkably complex architecture and organization of bacterial nanomachines originally raised the enigma to how they are assembled in a coordinated manner. Over the years, the assembly processes of the flagellum and evolutionary-related injectisome complexes have been deciphered and were shown to rely on a conserved protein secretion machine: the type-III secretion system.
Authors Thibaud T. Renault and Alina Guse equally contributed to this chapter. T. T. Renault A. Guse M. Erhardt (&) Institute for Biology—Bacterial Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany e-mail: [email protected] T. T. Renault Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany T. T. Renault CNRS UMR 5234 Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, Bordeaux, France T. T. Renault Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2019_166 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
T. T. Renault et al.
In this book chapter, we demonstrate how individually evolved mechanisms cooperate in highly versatile and robust secretion machinery to export and assemble the building blocks of those nanomachines.
1 Introduction Type-III secretion systems (T3SS) are multi-component protein export complexes responsible for recognizing and exporting at a high-speed the building blocks of self-assembling bacterial nanomachines. The most ancestral T3SS, the flagellar T3SS (fT3SS), assembles the bacterial flagellum, a macromolecular structure found both in gram-positive (e.g. Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative (e.g. Salmonella spp.) bacteria (Hueck 1998). This long extracellular appendage enables motility on surfaces and in liquid environments (Berg and Anderson 1973; Kubori et al. 1998). Another evolutionarily related nanomachine is assembled with the help of a T3SS and is found in many gram-negative pathogens.
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