Exposure to concentrated ambient PM 2.5 alters the composition of gut microbiota in a murine model
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Exposure to concentrated ambient PM2.5 alters the composition of gut microbiota in a murine model Wanjun Wang1†, Ji Zhou2†, Minjie Chen3, Xingke Huang1, Xiaoyun Xie4, Weihua Li5, Qi Cao6, Haidong Kan1,2, Yanyi Xu1,2* and Zhekang Ying1,2,3*
Abstract Background: Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) correlates with abnormal glucose homeostasis, but the underlying biological mechanism has not been fully understood. The gut microbiota is an emerging crucial player in the homeostatic regulation of glucose metabolism. Few studies have investigated its role in the PM2.5 exposure-induced abnormalities in glucose homeostasis. Methods: C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) for 12 months using a versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES) that was modified for long-term whole-body exposures. Their glucose homeostasis and gut microbiota were examined and analysed by correlation and mediation analysis. Results: Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) showed that CAP exposure markedly impaired their glucose and insulin tolerance. Faecal microbiota analysis demonstrated that the impairment in glucose homeostasis was coincided with decreased faecal bacterial ACE and Chao-1 estimators (the indexes of community richness), while there was no significant change in all faecal fungal alpha diversity estimators. The Pearson’s correlation analyses showed that the bacterial richness estimators were correlated with glucose and insulin tolerance, and the mediation analyses displayed a significant mediation of CAP exposure-induced glucose intolerance by the alteration in the bacterial Chao-1 estimator. LEfSe analyses revealed 24 bacterial and 21 fungal taxa differential between CAP- and FA-exposed animals. Of these, 14 and 20 bacterial taxa were correlated with IPGTT AUC and ITT AUC, respectively, and 5 fungal taxa were correlated with abnormalities in glucose metabolism. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to PM2.5 causes gut dysbiosis and may subsequently contribute to the development of abnormalities in glucose metabolism. Keywords: PM2.5, Gut microbiota, Glucose homeostatic, Diabetes
Background Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death globally [1]. In addition to genetic risk variants and behavioural/ environmental factors, the gut microbiota is emerging as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of abnormal glucose homeostasis. The interest in the role of gut microbiota in the host’s metabolic homeostasis has been sparked by * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Equal contributors 1 Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong’an Rd, Shanghai 200032, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
the observation that germ-free mice have reduced adiposity and improved tolerance to glucose and insulin [2], and are protected from diet-induced obesity and abnormal glucose homeostasis when fed a West
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