Roundup causes embryonic development failure and alters metabolic pathways and gut microbiota functionality in non-targe
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Roundup causes embryonic development failure and alters metabolic pathways and gut microbiota functionality in non-target species Antonio Suppa1,2, Jouni Kvist3, Xiaojing Li1, Vignesh Dhandapani1, Hanan Almulla1, Antoine Y. Tian4, Stephen Kissane1, Jiarui Zhou1, Alessio Perotti3, Hayley Mangelson5, Kyle Langford5, Valeria Rossi2, James B. Brown6,7,8† and Luisa Orsini1,7*†
Abstract Background: Research around the weedkiller Roundup is among the most contentious of the twenty-first century. Scientists have provided inconclusive evidence that the weedkiller causes cancer and other life-threatening diseases, while industry-paid research reports that the weedkiller has no adverse effect on humans or animals. Much of the controversial evidence on Roundup is rooted in the approach used to determine safe use of chemicals, defined by outdated toxicity tests. We apply a system biology approach to the biomedical and ecological model species Daphnia to quantify the impact of glyphosate and of its commercial formula, Roundup, on fitness, genome-wide transcription and gut microbiota, taking full advantage of clonal reproduction in Daphnia. We then apply machine learning-based statistical analysis to identify and prioritize correlations between genomewide transcriptional and microbiota changes. Results: We demonstrate that chronic exposure to ecologically relevant concentrations of glyphosate and Roundup at the approved regulatory threshold for drinking water in the US induce embryonic developmental failure, induce significant DNA damage (genotoxicity), and interfere with signaling. Furthermore, chronic exposure to the weedkiller alters the gut microbiota functionality and composition interfering with carbon and fat metabolism, as well as homeostasis. Using the “Reactome,” we identify conserved pathways across the Tree of Life, which are potential targets for Roundup in other species, including liver metabolism, inflammation pathways, and collagen degradation, responsible for the repair of wounds and tissue remodeling. (Continued on next page)
* Correspondence: [email protected] † James B. Brown and Luisa Orsini have shared senior authorship. 1 Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK 7 Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not inclu
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