Expression and Purification of Membrane Proteins in Different Hosts
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Expression and Purification of Membrane Proteins in Different Hosts Fatemeh Abarghooi Kahaki1 · Sakineh Monzavi2 · Hadi Bamehr3 · Eshagh Bandani4 · Zahra Payandeh5 · Abolfazl Jahangiri6 · Saeed Khalili7 Accepted: 27 December 2019 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Membrane proteins play important functions, such as cellular communication and transferring materials in the cell. Many membrane proteins are involved in human diseases. However, little information is available on their structure, stability and folding. To study their structure, membrane proteins should primarily be produces in large amounts. However, production of these proteins is limited by various technical issues. Developing novel strategies to circumvent these issues seems to be highly important to proceed in membrane protein science. In this review, we have summarized the recent findings which can promote membrane protein expression and purification. Keywords Membrane protein · Over expression · Purification · Host
Introduction Membrane proteins are amphiphilic macromolecules located in the space between the inside and outside of the cell (Zulauf and Zulauf 2018). In eukaryotes and prokaryotes, membrane proteins represent about 20 to 30% of the proteome (Pogozheva 1860). These proteins have various * Zahra Payandeh [email protected] * Saeed Khalili [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5
Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
6
Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology, and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
7
Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
functions such as nutrient uptake, energy generation, cellular signaling, ion transport, drug resistance, and maintenance of the cellular structure (Overduin and Esmaili 2018; Pollock et al. 1860). To understand the function of these proteins, and even plan to alter them, necessitates a deep understanding about the intricacies of their structures. In this regard, a large amount of these proteins is required to be expressed, purified and ultimately crystalized for structural studies. Membrane proteins are divided into two groups which are mainly consisted of beta strand sand alpha helix structure (Tsirigos et al. 2018). Proteins with beta strand structure could be expressed as inclusion bodies which make it easier to be purified and refolded, but helical proteins hardly refold after denaturation (Schlegel et al. 2014). In bacteria, membrane proteins are expressed in the cy
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