Extraction of Polymeric Bioflocculant from Enterobacter sp. and Adsorptive Kinetic Studies on Industrial Dye Removal App
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Extraction of Polymeric Bioflocculant from Enterobacter sp. and Adsorptive Kinetic Studies on Industrial Dye Removal Applications L. Muthulakshmi1,2 · J. B. Mathangi3 · R. P. Suryasankar4 · V. C. Padmanaban5 · M. Helen Kalavathy3 · M. R. Sanjay6 · Suchart Siengchin6
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Microbial polymeric flocculants are used as eco-friendly biosorbent materials in industrial dye removal. This study attempts to evaluate the dye adsorption efficiency of a bioflocculant extracted from a soil bacterium, Enterobacter sp. The chemical composition of the bioflocculant is 88% carbohydrate and 11% protein. The flocculation efficiency of the extracted compound against kaolin was found to be 86.2%. Batch adsorption, kinetic, and isotherm studies were performed with the bioflocculant (biosorbent) in the removal of the cationic dye, malachite green. The adsorption efficiency of the bioflocculant was confirmed by SEM/EDX and FTIR studies. From the morphological images, it was inferred that the bioflocculant has a rough surface that is suitable for dye adsorption. The efficiency of adsorption of the dye was evaluated by various isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) and the adsorption found to follow the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.96). The adsorption was evaluated using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.99) kinetics and the Weber–Morris model. The rate of reaction in terms of maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 384.6 mg g−1. Experimental results confirmed the suitability of the bacterial-secreted bioflocculant for industrial dye removal applications. Keywords Enterobacter sp. · Malachite green · Characterization · Biosorption · Isotherm · Kinetics
* L. Muthulakshmi [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil 626 126, India
2
Department of Materials Science, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625 021, India
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, A.C.Tech, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 025, India
4
Department of Instrumentation & Control Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu 626 126, India
5
Department of Biotechnology, Center for Research, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625 701, India
6
Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
Nomenclature A Optical density value of control B Optical density value of sample T Time (min) Co Initial adsorbate concentration (mg L−1) Ct Adsorbate concentration at time t (mg L−1) Ce Adsorbate concentration at equilibrium (mg L−1) qt Amount of dye adsorbed by biosorbent at time t (mg g−1) qe Amount of dye adsorbed
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