The roles of extracellular polymeric substances of Pandoraea sp. XY-2 in the removal of tetracycline
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RESEARCH PAPER
The roles of extracellular polymeric substances of Pandoraea sp. XY‑2 in the removal of tetracycline Xueling Wu1,2 · Xiaoyan Wu1 · Xiangyu Zhou1 · Yichao Gu1 · Han Zhou1 · Li Shen1,2 · Weimin Zeng1,2 Received: 3 April 2020 / Accepted: 25 May 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, the roles of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) excreted by Pandoraea sp. XY-2 in the removal of tetracycline (TC) were investigated. In the early stage, TC in the solution was mainly removed by the adsorption of EPSs, which accounted for 20% of TC. Thereafter, large amount of TC was transported into the intracellular and biodegraded. EPSs was extracted and the contents of polyprotein and polysaccharides reached their maximum values (30.84 mg/g and 11.15 mg/g) in the first four days. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that hydroxyl, methylidyne, methylene and amide I groups in EPSs participated in the adsorption of TC. Furthermore, three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis revealed that TC caused the quenching of EPSs fluorescent groups. The quenching mechanism was attributed to static quenching and protein-like substances in EPSs from Pandoraea sp. XY-2 dominated the TC adsorption process. Bioinformatic analysis of Pandoraea sp. XY-2 genome identified multiple genes involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis and EPSs formation. The insights gained in this study might provide a better understanding about the adsorption process of EPSs in tetracycline-contaminated environment. Graphic abstract
Keywords Extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) · Tetracycline (TC) · Pandoraea sp. XY-2 · Adsorption Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-020-02384-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Weimin Zeng [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Introduction The tetracycline (TC) group of antibiotics is the second most widely used antimicrobial in the world [1]. Besides the use in therapy of human and animal, the TC are used in livestock production industry as growth promoters and in agriculture sector as feed additive [2, 3]. Around 25–75% or even 70–90% of TC antibiotics administrated to animals were excreted and released in active form into the environment via urine and feces as un-metabolized parent compound [4, 5]. In the last decades, more attention has been paid to ecological risk and potential toxic effects of TC antibiotics residues in soil environment [6, 7]. Residues of TC antibiotics could promote the evolution or the development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, which brings adverse effect to human health when present in drinking water or irrigation water used for fruit and vegetable [8–10]. Hence, many studies have focused on technologies that can remove TC. The most conventional methods for TC removal were mainly abi
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