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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Fabrication and characterization of 3,4-diaminobenzophenone-functionalized magnetic nanoadsorbent with enhanced VOC adsorption and desorption capacity Ömer Şahin 1 & Sinan Kutluay 1 & Sabit Horoz 2 & Mehmet Şakir Ece 3 Received: 29 April 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract The present study, for the first time, utilized 3,4-diaminobenzophenone (DABP)-functionalized Fe3O4/AC@SiO2 (Fe3O4/ AC@SiO2@DABP) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) synthesized as a nanoadsorbent for enhancing adsorption and desorption capacity of gaseous benzene and toluene as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The Fe3O4/AC@SiO2@DABP MNPs used in adsorption and desorption of benzene and toluene were synthesized by the co-precipitation and sol-gel methods. The synthesized MNPs were characterized by SEM, FTIR, TGA/DTA, and BET surface area analysis. Moreover, the optimization of the process parameters, namely contact time, initial VOC concentration, and temperature, was performed by applying response surface methodology (RSM). Adsorption results demonstrated that the Fe3O4/AC@SiO2@DABP MNPs had excellent adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacities for benzene and toluene were found as 530.99 and 666.00 mg/g, respectively, under optimum process parameters (contact time 55.47 min, initial benzene concentration 17.57 ppm, and temperature 29.09 °C; and contact time 57.54 min, initial toluene concentration 17.83 ppm, and temperature 27.93 °C for benzene and toluene, respectively). In addition to the distinctive adsorptive behavior, the Fe3O4/AC@SiO2@DABP MNPs exhibited a high reproducibility adsorption and desorption capacity. After the fifth adsorption and desorption cycles, the Fe3O4/AC@SiO2@DABP MNPs retained 94.4% and 95.4% of its initial adsorption capacity for benzene and toluene, respectively. Kinetic and isotherm findings suggested that the adsorption mechanisms of benzene and toluene on the Fe3O4/ AC@SiO2@DABP MNPs were physical processes. The results indicated that the successfully synthesized Fe3O4/AC@SiO2@DABP MNPs can be applied as an attractive, highly effective, reusable, and cost-effective adsorbent for the adsorption of VOC pollutants.

Keywords Adsorption and desorption . Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) . Nanoadsorbents . Modeling . Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Highlights • The novel Fe 3 O 4 /AC@SiO 2 @DABP MNPs were successfully synthesized, characterized, and used for enhancing VOC adsorption and desorption capacity. • Adsorption optimization of benzene and toluene VOCs was performed by applying RSM. • The maximum adsorption capacity of Fe3O4/AC@SiO2@DABP MNPs for benzene and toluene reached 531 and 666 mg/g, respectively. • Kinetic and isothermal model parameters were determined for the adsorption of VOCs. • The reusability performance of Fe3O4/AC@SiO2@DABP MNPs was studied for the adsorption and desorption of VOCs. Responsible editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr * Mehmet Şakir Ece [email protected] 1

Department of Chemical Engineer