Fabrication and characterization of $${\text{Pb}}({\text{Zr}}_{0.5}{\text{Ti}}_{0.5}){\text{O}}_{3}$$ Pb ( Zr 0.5
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Fabrication and characterization of Pb(Zr0.5 Ti0.5 )O3 nanofibers for nanogenerator applications Khizar Hayat1 · Syed Shaheen Shah2 · Shahid Ali3 · Said Karim Shah1 · Yaseen Iqbal3 · Md. Abdul Aziz2 Received: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 31 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract ( ) Single-phase lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) perovskite nanofibers, with Pb Zr0.5 Ti0.5 O3 composition were synthesized using the( electrospinning technique. Poly-vinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) was used as viscosity controller, size and uniformity of the ) Pb Zr0.5 Ti0.5 O3 nanofibers were optimized against different PVP concentrations. The results showed that PVP concentrations play a significant role in the fabrication, homogeneity, uniformity, porosity, in the diameter of PZT ( and particularly ) nanofibers. SEM and XRD results revealed the formation of sing-phase Pb Zr0.5 Ti0.5 O3 nanofibers at 600 °C with an average diameter of ~ 96 nm. The prepared PZT nanofibers exhibited a significantly wide bandgap (~ 3.5 eV) and a high dielectric-constant (~ 1827). The device of single-phase PZT nanofibers was fabricated on interdigitated electrodes to study the current–voltage, impedance spectroscopy, and dielectric characteristics of the PZT nanofibers. The current–voltage characteristics of the fabricated device with PZT nanofibers showed non-ohmic properties. The non-linear I–V characteristics at temperatures between 308 and 408 K indicate ( ) two distinct regions. Impedance spectroscopy indicated the presence of non-ideal Debye type behavior in Pb Zr0.5 Ti0.5 O3 nanofibers and was ascribed to the existence in the ( of heterogeneity ) sample. The measured capacitances were assigned to two electro-active regions in the prepared Pb Zr0.5 Ti0.5 O3 nanofibers. A proto-type ( )piezoelectric nanogenerator based on PZT nanofibers was fabricated to study the piezoelectric properties of Pb Zr0.5 Ti0.5 O3 nanofibers. PZT nanofibers were aligned on interdigitated electrodes of silver wire, which demonstrated piezoelectric performance and delivered an output voltage of ~ 40 V under periodic stress applications.
1 Introduction Ever since the demonstration of earliest nanogenerator utilizing piezoelectric nanowires for transforming mechanical energy into electricity by Wang et. al. [1], excessive research interest has been carried out to develop numerous Khizar Hayat and Syed Shaheen Shah have equally contributed to this work. * Syed Shaheen Shah [email protected] * Yaseen Iqbal [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP 23200, Pakistan
2
Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology (CENT), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM, Box 5040, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
3
Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
approaches for energy harvesting [2]. Nanogenerators based on piezoelectric nanofibers are considered potential renewable energy sources for harvesting
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