Fabrication of micropit structures on Ti6Al4V alloy using fluoride-free anodization for orthopedic applications
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Fabrication of micropit structures on Ti6Al4V alloy using fluoride-free anodization for orthopedic applications 1 _ Merve Izmir
Batur Ercan2,a)
1
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; and Biomedical Engineering Program, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] 2
Received: 16 August 2018; accepted: 24 January 2019
Ti6Al4V alloy is commonly used in hip and knee replacements due to its high strength, ductility, wear, and corrosion resistance. Despite its optimal physical and chemical properties, Ti6Al4V based orthopedic implants have a limited lifetime of only 15–20 years. One of the main reasons for having limited lifetime is the suboptimal integration of Ti6Al4V implants with the juxtaposed bone tissue (osseointegration). To enhance osseointegration, and thus prolong the lifetime of orthopedic implants, Ti6Al4V implants surfaces were modified to have bioactive properties using electrochemical anodization process. In this work, oxide based micropit structures were fabricated on Ti6Al4V surfaces using a fluoride-free electrolyte consisting of NH4Cl in distilled water. Micropit structures were characterized for their surface morphology, crystallinity, and chemistry before and after high temperature crystallization heat treatment. Upon interaction of Ti6Al4V samples with simulated body fluid up to 30 days, enhanced calcium phosphate mineral deposition was observed on anodized surfaces.
Introduction The Ti6Al4V alloy has low density, high corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and fatigue strength, which makes it the most commonly used implant material in hip and knee replacement surgeries [1]. Despite its widespread use in orthopedics, Ti6Al4V based implants have a long-term failure problem with an average lifetime of only 15–20 years, which is a pressing issue for orthopedic patients [2, 3]. On the one hand, the geriatric population in the world, who are at a higher risk to develop orthopedic complications, is constantly growing, and on the other hand, the age spectrum of patients receiving orthopedic implants is broadening. The average age of people receiving hip replacement surgery is getting younger overtime [4], and nowadays nearly half of the patients receiving orthopedic implants are younger than 65 years old. Thus, a significant portion of the population receiving a hip and knee replacement requires a high-risk revision surgery, while younger and more active patients may need multiple revision surgeries [5, 6]. Clearly, currently used Ti6Al4V based implants do not satisfy the needs of the patients.
ª Materials Research Society 2019
For the last couple of decades, scientists investigated alternate means to reduce the incidence of orthopedic implant failures to prolong their average lifetime. The underperformance of Ti6Al4V based orthopedic impl
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