Fabrication of Nanoporous Silica Nanospheres and Nanotubes by Inorganic and Organic Double Templates
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Fabrication of Nanoporous Silica Nanospheres and Nanotubes by Inorganic and Organic Double Templates Jian-Feng Chen,1 Runjing Liu,1 Dapeng Cao,1,2 Zhigang Shen,1 Jimmy Yun,2 Jiexin Wang,1 Lei Shao1,3 and Weilie L. Zhou3 1
Research Center of Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China 2 Nanomaterials Technology Pte Ltd, Blk 26 Ayer Rajah Crescent #07-02, Singapore 139944 3 Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148.
ABSTRACT Inorganic and organic double templates were used to fabricate silica nanospheres and nanotubes with nanochannels perpendicular to the shells. Sphere and needle like CaCO3 nanoparticles, synthesized by a high gravity reactive precipitation method, were used as inorganic templates and C16H33N(CH3)3Br (C16-CTAB) was used as an organic surfactant template. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to characterize the nanoporous structure. The nanochannels were found perpendicular to the surface of nanospheres and nanotubes. The size of nanochannels is about 3~5 nm. The size of hollow nanosphers and nanotubes can be controlled by the inorganic CaCO3 nanoparticle templates and the nanochannels in the shells can be tuned by different surfactant micelles. The nanospheres and nanotubes with nanochannels perpendicular to the shells have a potential application in chemical bio-catalyst, bio-separation, and drug delivery.
INTRODUCTION As a novel class of materials, hollow structures have recently attracted great attention due to their potential applications such as catalysis, controlled release for drugs, dyes and perfumes, use as fillers, aid in the development of artificial cells, and protection of biologically active agents [1,2]. To date, a variety of chemical and physicochemical methods, such as nozzle reactor approaches, sol-gel/emulsion techniques, and selfassembly processes [3,4] including layer-by-layer (LbL) approaches [5] have been employed to produce hollow structures comprised of silica [6], iron oxide [7], titania [8], zeolite [9], clay [10], cadmium sulfide [11], polymer [12], and metals [13], etc. Sacrificial colloid particles [8,9,14,15] have been recognized as attractive templates to generate hollow spheres. However, many of these templates are organic spheres with sizes of several hundred nanometers, which hardly produce controllable hollow morphologies under sub-hundred nanometers. Therefore, synthesis of hollow particles with hierarchal morphologies is very crucial to improve their nanostructures and applications. In this
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paper, a successful synthesis of hollow silica nanospheres and nanotubes with ordered nanoporous using inorganic and organic templates is presented.
EXPERIMENTAL Sphere and needle like CaCO3 nanoparticles synthesized by a high gravity reactive precipitation method [16] were used as inorganic templates. The C16H33N(CH3)3Br (C16CTAB) [17,18] was used a
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