Fabrication and properties of organic and metal nanocylinders in nanoporous membranes
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Fabrication and properties of organic and metal nanocylinders in nanoporous membranes L. Piraux,a) S. Dubois,b) J.L. Duvail,c) and A. Radulescu Unite´ de Physico-Chimie et de Physique des Mate´riaux, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
S. Demoustier-Champagne, E. Ferain, and R. Legras Unite´ de Physique et de Chimie des Hauts Polyme`res, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium (Received 19 February 1999; accepted 8 March 1999)
Chemical and electrochemical techniques were used for generating ensembles of randomly distributed organic and metal nanocylinders into the pores of nuclear track-etched polycarbonate membranes. This so-called “template method” makes it possible to synthesize a variety of materials including metals, ferromagnets, superconductors, semimetals, and conducting polymer and structures such as solid wires, tubules, composite nanostructures, and multilayers. Numerous interesting properties have been identified in relation to the nanoscopic dimensions of the materials.
I. INTRODUCTION
Among the different strategies to synthesize nanoscopic materials reported in the literature, the use of nanoporous host materials as templates is an elegant approach.1 Though there now exist a huge range of hosts, most studies were performed using commercial particle track-etched membranes (PTMs) and alumina membranes. In this method, thin wires or tubules of metals and conducting polymers are chemically or electrochemically synthesized within the pores of the template membrane.2–5 The fabrication of nanostructured magnets in a nanoporous insulating medium has recently attracted considerable interest,6–9 motivated by applications in the area of ultra-high-density magnetic recording and by promising giant magnetoresistance (GMR) properties. On the other hand, Martin et al.3,4 have successfully prepared polypyrrole (PPy) tubules and shown that their conductivity can be an order of magnitude higher than in the bulk form of the polymer prepared by the same method. In choosing a template material for generating nanowires, several factors, such as pore size, pore density, and pore shape, must be taken into account. From this point of view, PTMs are the most attractive candidate. These a)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] b) Present address: Laboratoire de Me´tallurgie Physique UMR 6630, BP 179, 86960 Futuroscope Cedex, France. c) Present address: Institut des Mate´riaux de Nantes, Laboratoire de Physique Cristalline, BP 32229, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France. 3042
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J. Mater. Res., Vol. 14, No. 7, Jul 1999 Downloaded: 03 Feb 2015
membranes are made by using the track-etched technology in which a polymer film is bombarded by heavy ions of high energy accelerated in a cyclotron. The irradiated film is then etched in an adequate medium where tracks are revealed, leading to formation of pores whose diameter depend
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