Fabrication of Novel Porous Chitosan Matrices as Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
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Fabrication of Novel Porous Chitosan Matrices as Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Tao Jianga, Cyril M. Pilaneb, Cato T. Laurencina,b,c, * a Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA c Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA ______________________________________________________________________________ * Corresponding author: Cato T. Laurencin M.D., Ph.D. University Professor Lillian T. Pratt Distinguished Professor and Chair of Orthopaedic Surgery Professor of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering 400 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Suite 330 University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22908 Ph: 1-434-243-0250, Fax: 1-434-243-0242 Email address: [email protected] ______________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT
Three dimensional (3-D) scaffolds with appropriate mechanical properties play a significant role in scaffold-based tissue engineering. Chitosan, a natural polymer obtained from chitin, which forms a major component of crustacean exoskeleton, is a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering due to its excellent osteocompatibility and biodegradability. The aim of the present study is to develop 3-D porous chitosan scaffolds with mechanical properties in the range of trabecular bone as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Three dimensional scaffolds were prepared by sintering chitosan microspheres. Chitosan microspheres were prepared by ionotropic gelation of chitosan solution using sodium tripolyphosphate. It has been found that the microsphere size increased significantly with the increase of the concentration of chitosan solution. The microspheres were then sintered together using the synergetic effect of solvent and temperature. The compressive moduli of the 3-D sintered matrices were found to be in the mid range of trabecular bone. The osteocompatibility and osteoconductivity of the 3-D matrices were demonstrated by adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast like cells on the matrices after 14 days in culture.
INTRODUCTION
Over 800,000 bone grafting procedures are performed each year in the United States [1]. Current healing therapies using autografts or allografts, although fairly successful, have various limitations associated with them such as the insufficient supply of the donor tissue, donor site morbidity in the case of autografts and risk of rejection and disease transmission in the case of
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allografts. Recently, tissue engineering has then developed as an alternative therapeutic approach for skeletal regeneration. Tissue engineering has been defined as the application of biological, chemical, and engineering principles toward the repair, restoration, or regeneration of living tissue by using biomaterials, cells, and factors alone or in combination [2]. In scaffold based tissue engineering a porous three dimensional matrix developed from natural or synthetic material
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