Unsupported liquid-state platform for SERS-based determination of triazophos

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Unsupported liquid-state platform for SERS-based determination of triazophos Wen Liu 1 & Yuting Huang 1 & Jing Liu 1 & Shengmao Chao 1 & Dongmei Wang 1 & Zhengjun Gong 1 & Zhe Feng 2 & Meikun Fan 1 Received: 23 March 2020 / Accepted: 4 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract A highly reproducible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) unsupported liquid-state platform (ULP) was developed for accurate quantitative determination of triazophos. Herein, citrate-reduced Ag NPs suspension was concentrated and placed in a stainless steel perforated template to form the SERS ULP. The relative standard deviation of the SERS measurements was less than 5% (n ≥ 10), and the R2 of the calibration curve was 0.994. The developed SERS ULP was applied for determination of triazophos in spiked agricultural products (rice, cabbage, and apple). Experiment results showed that the coefficient of variation ranged from 5.3 to 6.2% for intra-day and from 5.5 to 6.3% for inter-day (n = 3), which proved excellent SERS reproducibility. Moreover, the results were in good agreement with those from HPLC analysis. As a liquid-state SERS substrate, the highly reproducible ULP can perform precision quantitative analysis without surface modification of NPs, which is a significant improvement. This method provides a new perspective for quantitative SERS analysis of pesticide residues. Keywords SERS . Unsupported liquid-state platform (ULP) . Triazophos

Introduction Triazophos is widely used in agriculture to control insect pests, and its residues have attracted worldwide concern [1, 2]. Classic analytical techniques for determining triazophos residues include HPLC [3] and gas chromatography (GC) coupled with different detection modes [4, 5]. These analytical methods are reliable but are limited by the long analytical period, the requirement of skilled technicians, and the abundant organic solvent consumption [6]. Various immunoassays have been developed for the rapid detection of triazophos residues [7, 8]. But they also have some deficiencies, such as high cost, special requirements for storage under certain Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04474-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Meikun Fan [email protected] 1

Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China

2

Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610031, China

conditions, and difficulty in producing antibodies. Consequently, it is necessary to develop a simple and convenient method for the rapid quantitative detection of triazophos. SERS has long been recognized as one of the most sensitive (can be as low as the level of single molecules [9]) and selective spectroscopic methods [10]. It could provide unique fingerprinting information of the analyte molecule [11] in a few seconds to a few minutes [12]. There are many SE