Fabrication, Physical Characterizations, and In Vitro , In Vivo Evaluation of Ginger Extract-Loaded Gelatin/Poly(Vinyl A
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Research Article Fabrication, Physical Characterizations, and In Vitro, In Vivo Evaluation of Ginger Extract-Loaded Gelatin/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel Films Against Burn Wound Healing in Animal Model Barkat Ali Khan,1 Shahid Ullah,1 Muhammad Khalid Khan,1,5 Bushra Uzair,2 Farid Menaa,3 and Valdir A. Braga4
Received 21 July 2020; accepted 29 October 2020 Abstract. Crude ginger has been used to treat wounds since ancient times till nowadays. The present study aimed at designing and characterizing topical hydrogel films loaded with ginger extract for wound healing in animal model. The hydrogel films were prepared using PVA and gelatin. The prepared films were evaluated for FTIR analysis, surface morphology, pH, swelling behavior, in vitro release, and % drug content. The wound-healing activity of the extract-loaded hydrogel films was compared with commercially available Silver Sulfadiazine® cream. The drug was compatible with the selected polymers and indicated the suitability of the selected polymers for preparation of topical hydrogel films. The SEM images clearly indicated porous structure of the prepared hydrogel films. Slight changes were observed in pH, ranging from 4.98 ± 0.079 in the beginning of the study to 4.9 ± 0.58 in the end. The swelling percentage after 8 h was 257.7%. The films released 78.7 ± 1.7% of the drug in 250 min. The percent drug content was 97.78 ± 5% which did not change significantly during the storage period. The hydrogel films showed similar wound-healing activity as compared to the commercial product (p > 0.05; ANOVA), while greater wound-healing activity as compared to the control group (p < 0.05; ANOVA) evidenced by intensive collagen formation in histopathological analysis. KEY WORDS: burn wounds; hydrogels; ginger; PVA; gelatin.
INTRODUCTION Burn wounds are a major health-related problem all over the world. In developing countries, where there are poor hygienic conditions, the burn wounds may lead to serious complications due to secondary microbial infections. So proper wound dressing along with antibiotics is necessary. However, due to the excessive use of antibiotics, the microbial drug resistance has been increased, which results
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-020-01866-y. 1
Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D. I. Khan, Pakistan. Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanomedicine, California Innovations Corporation, San Diego, California, USA. 4 Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil. 5 To whom correspondence should be addressed. (e–mail: [email protected]) Abbreviations: FTIR, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; PVA, polyvinyl alcohol; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; SEM, scanning electron microscopy. 2
in lower efficacy of the treatment as well as major financial loss (1,2). Nowadays, different types of wound
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