Facile detection of Pb 2+ based on gold nanoparticles functionalized by specific receptor proteins
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RESEARCH PAPER
Facile detection of Pb2+ based on gold nanoparticles functionalized by specific receptor proteins Chao Wang
&
Jinghai Zhang & Yong Cui
Received: 31 May 2020 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract A facile colorimetric Pb2+ assay system has been developed based on the visible color change of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) modified with α2microglobulin (α2M) protein. The α2M protein is a soluble and high-affinity receptor for Pb2+, which is well studied and regarded as the comparable positive control in Pb-binding protein researches. It was obtained through purifying recombinant protein from the expression of recombinant plasmids in Escherichia coli and was attached on GNPs to form GNPs-α2M sensor nanoparticles for detecting Pb2+, which has never been used for sensing Pb2+ in previous studies. When Pb2+ was introduced into the assay system, GNPs-α2M sensor nanoparticles can be triggered aggregation with the color change from pink to blue. The detection system exhibited good selectivity and sensitivity, which was attributed to the receptor specificity of α2M protein. Using this assay system, it can be distinguished 1.00 μM concentration of Pb2+ or more by naked eyes clearly. Furthermore, the UV-Vis absorbance ratio between 620 and 523 nm exhibited linearity relationship with the concentration of Pb2+ from 0.05 to 3 μM in assay system. In this research, GNPs-α2M sensor nanoparticles have highly specific capability to recognize
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-020-05000-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. C. Wang : J. Zhang : Y. Cui (*) School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China e-mail: [email protected]
Pb2+. The assay system constituted by GNPs-α2M sensor nanoparticles displays excellent convenience, selectivity, and sensitivity that provide promising potentials for on-site rapid test of Pb2+. Keywords Pb2+-binding proteins . Gold nanoparticles . colorimetric assay . Pb2+ detection . Lead detection in environment
Introduction It is well known that lead (Pb) is a highly poisonous heavy metal which can cause a series threat to both environment and human. In atmosphere, water, and soils, Pb is nondegradable which persists in the environment and plays deleterious effects to plants and animals due to its interaction with various biomolecules in organisms. Contacting with large amounts of Pb in short-term can induce acute poisoning which leads to fatigue, headache, nervous irritability, and even death. Chronic saturnism occurs more frequently by long-term exposure, which can affect brain and nervous system, hematopoietic system, and digestive system of human body. Children are more sensitive to Pb contamination which can cause renal malfunction and inhibits brain development (Shen et al. 2008). Therefore, the exposure limits of Pb in the environment should be controlled and detected strictly in order to protect
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