Facile Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Functionalized Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots as Fluorescence Probe for Fast and Hig
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SHORT COMMUNICATION
Facile Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Functionalized Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots as Fluorescence Probe for Fast and Highly Selective Detection of 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol Shikong Lu 1 & Meihua Xue 1 & Aojia Tao 1 & Yuhui Weng 1 & Bixia Yao 1 & Wen Weng 1,2
&
Xiuchun Lin 3
Received: 20 August 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Functionalized carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs) are fabricated by moderate carbonization of L-tartaric acid and urea in oil acid media by a facile microwave-assisted solvothermal method. The obtained CNQDs are monodispersed with a narrow size distribution (average size of 3.5 nm), and exhibit excellent selectivity and sensitivity of fluorescence quenching for 2,4,6trinitrophenol (TNP) with a quenching efficiency coefficient Ksv of 4.75 × 104 M−1. This sensing system exhibits a fast response time within 1 min and a wide linear response range from 0.1 to 15 μM. The limit of detection is as low as 87 nM, which is comparable or lower than the other probes. The application of the developed probe to the detection of TNP in spiked water samples yields satisfactory results. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching is also discussed. Keywords Carbon nitride quantum dots . Fluorescent probe . 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol . Microwave-assisted . Solvothermal method
Introduction Nitroaromatic compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 4-nitrotoluene (4-NT), and 2,4dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), are widely used as precursors for synthetic explosives, pesticides, herbicides, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. Among them, TNP and TNT are two typical representatives. Although TNT is more attractive than TNP, TNP has a stronger explosive ability [1–3]. In the past, the uncontrolled use of TNP and other nitroaromatic compounds has led to serious environmental pollution problems. TNP does not degrade easily in the environment. Moreover, it is highly toxic to humans and animals, and is now regarded as a possible human carcinogen [4]. Therefore, the rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection of TNP is very desirable. Compared to other * Wen Weng [email protected] 1
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
2
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Zhangzhou 363000, China
3
College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian 351100, China
methods, fluorescence detection has gained much attention because of high sensitivity and simplicity [5]. Several fluorescent chemical sensors for the detection of nitroaromatic compounds have been investigated, including anthracenefunctionalized fluorescent tris-imidazolium salts [6], conjugated polymers based on 3,6-carbazole repeat units [7], polymers and copolymers containing tetraphenylsilole or tetraphenylgermole [8], microporous metal-organic framework (MOF) [9], Eu(III)-based MOF [2], molybdenum disulfide quantum dots [1
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