Surface chemistry-dependent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of polyamine-functionalized carbon quantum dots
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Surface chemistry-dependent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of polyamine-functionalized carbon quantum dots Peili Li1, Xu Yang1, Xiaohu Zhang1, Jianliang Pan1, Wentao Tang1, Weiwei Cao1, Jinwei Zhou2, Xuedong Gong1, and Xiaodong Xing1,* 1 2
School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China
Received: 20 May 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 1 September 2020
Bacterial biofilm infection is perplexing people’s life. Systemic administration of antibiotics usually causes adverse effects and bacterial resistance. How to make antibacterial agents quickly penetrate and eradicate the biofilm without adverse effects is an urgent problem. Here, polyamine-functionalized carbon quantum dots (CQDs), abbreviated as CQD600, CQD1w and CQD2.5w, are synthesized by a simple hydrothermal treatment of citric acid and branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI) with different molecular weight (MW). It is found that the antibacterial activity is promoted with high MW of bPEI, which is due to the protonated amines on the surface of the CQDs. Moreover, in terms of eradicating mature Staphylococcus aureus biofilm, CQD2.5w possesses significantly higher activity than CQD600 and CQD1w because of stronger electrostatic interactions and longer surface coronas. Additionally, the cytotoxicity test exhibits the L929 cells can keep at high survival rates even treated with 500 lg mL-1 CQDs for 3 days. In this study, the surface chemistry related to antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity give the chance in designing and developing better CQDs for biofilm infection.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Handling Editor: Annela M. Seddon. Peili Li and Xu Yang contributed equally to this work.
Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05262-6
J Mater Sci
GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
Introduction Biofilm is a highly dense microbial population which is surrounded by extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) produced by microorganisms to adapt to the living environment [1]. Most bacterial infections are related to biofilm [2]. The formation of biofilm not only reduces the efficacy of antibiotics, increases the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics, but also helps microorganisms escape the host’s immune attack, which is easy to cause the recurrence of infection in the treatment process or after cure [3]. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a new generation of potent antibacterial agents to fight against biofilm. Up to date, many materials have been developed to inhibit or destroy biofilms [4]. Among them, nanotechnology-based antimicrobials show excellent ability in biofilm eradication [5]. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are common antibacterial and biofilm resistant materials. However, there are serious problems of biosafety and potential immunotoxicity [6]. In this decade, carbon-based nanomaterials have relativel
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