Facile synthesis of polyaniline nanostructures with effective electromagnetic interference shielding performance
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Facile synthesis of polyaniline nanostructures with effective electromagnetic interference shielding performance Munan Qiu1 · Yang Zhang1 · Bianying Wen1 Received: 4 November 2017 / Accepted: 12 April 2018 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract Polyaniline (PANI) with different nanostructures has been synthesized through a simple chemical oxidation method without using any hard or soft templates. A correlation between structure, chemical construction, electrical conductivity, and electromagnetic shielding properties were extensively investigated. The obtained PANI nanostructures exhibit various morphologies by just simply changing the doping acids. The PANI doped with hydrochloric acid (denoted as PANI-HCl) and doped with camphorsulfonic acid (denoted as PANI-CSA) exhibite the “holothurian-like” morphology, while the PANI doped with phosphoric acid (denoted as PANI-H3PO4) presents the nanofiber structure. The “holothurian-like” structure showed larger diameters and length than the nanofibers. During the three samples, the PANI-CSA exhibits the highest electrical conductivity (1.28 ± 0.17 S cm−1) due to the large oxidation extent, crystallinity, and crystallite size. An excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) as 20.7 dB of PANI-CSA was achieved with the thickness of only 0.35 mm. All these samples present an absorption-dominated shielding mechanism. Moreover, the SE values obtained from the experiments are higher than the theoretical calculations. All these above results indicated that the EMI shielding performance and dielectric permittivity were strongly affected by the microstructure and the chemical construction. We believe that this one-step procedure represents a promising protocol to control the nanostructures and properties of PANI for applications as advanced EMI shielding materials.
1 Introduction With the rapid development of electronic equipment and the high device density, electronic equipment generates severe electromagnetic irradiation. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) is also harmful to human health. This novel sort of pollution provides a strong motivation for developing EMI shielding materials to ensure the proper functions of the electronic equipment and safety of human beings [1–6]. Compared with the conventional metal-based materials, intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) are new alternative candidates for EMI shielding applications because of their lightness, good processability and excellent environmental stability [7, 8]. Among these conducting polymers, polyaniline (PANI) has shown great potential for practical * Yang Zhang [email protected] * Bianying Wen [email protected] 1
Department of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
applications due to its facile synthesis, acid-doping/basededoping chemistry, low cost, and design flexibility [9, 10]. For instance, the PANI films were successfully grown over three-dimensional hybrid carbo
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