Facility Planning
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Facility Planning
Theory and Application
Hans-Peter Wiendahl1 and Peter Nyhuis2 1 Institut f€ ur Fabrikanlagen und Logistik, University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany 2 Institut f€ ur Fabrikanlagen und Logistik, Leibniz Universit€at Hannover, Garbsen, Deutschland
History Facility planning developed step by step during the course of the industrial development. A rigid division of work was predominant in the first mechanical factories around the year 1900. Due to the central drive systems, using steam engines and transmission belts, the machines had to be placed together very closely. A directed flow of material according to the necessary operations was not possible. Facility planning concentrated on the production processes, machines, and their drives as well as the transport of material. The electric motor engine, available later, allowed for the machines to be distributed liberally throughout the factory building. Therefore, facility planning consequently focused on the optimization of the material flow and the capacity utilization of the machines. In the 1970s–1980s, the rising diversity of variants initiated the lay out of the meantime automated facilities toward the customers, so as to be able to deliver quickly and punctually. Beside the costs, facility planning now also had to consider stock, cycle times, and good schedule performance. Since the 1990s, globalization and the correlated cross-linked production brought along new challenges, especially for the internal and external logistics, together with a decreasing
Synonyms Factory design; planning
Factory
planning;
Layout
Definition Facility planning is the process of planning a factory from the first idea up to the start of production. The process is systematic and task oriented, structured in phases, and carried out with methods and tools (after VDI 5200). Facility planning can also concern any adjustment following later in the regular operation. The process may have different causes and also contain different planning cases. The tasks can be processed in the form of projects and steered by means of methods of project management by a team (after VDI 5200).
# CIRP 2016 The International Academy for Production Engineering et al. (eds.), CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-35950-7_6401-3
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vertical integration. In addition, it became necessary to adapt rapidly to new products, production processes, and lot size alterations, which led to the segmented, lean, and changeable factory. Nowadays, facility planning is considered an interdisciplinary task between technologists, logisticians, work designers, architects, and construction outfitters, who cooperate in a project team aiming for sustainability in economical, ecological, and social respect (Wiendahl et al. 2009; Schenk et al. 2010). Theory Planning Fields
Facility planning can be divided into seven planning fields and concentrates on four core fields, which are each directed to a characteristic term (Fig. 1) (Wiendahl 2010). The starting point of each facility planning i
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