Numerical simulations and comparative analysis for two types of storm surges in the Bohai Sea using a coupled atmosphere
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Numerical simulations and comparative analysis for two types of storm surges in the Bohai Sea using a coupled atmosphere-ocean model Yong Li1, 2, Xin Chen3, Xingyu Jiang1, 2, Jianfen Li1, 2, Lizhu Tian1, 2* 1 Tianjin Centre, China Geological Survey, Tianjin 300170, China 2 Key Laboratory of Coast Geo-environment, China Geological Survey, Tianjin 300170, China 3 Beijing Engineering Research Center of Safety and Energy Saving Technology for Water Supply Network System,
China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Received 18 April 2018; accepted 8 October 2018 © Chinese Society for Oceanography and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract
The Bohai Sea is extremely susceptible to storm surges induced by extratropical storms and tropical cyclones in nearly every season. In order to relieve the impacts of storm surge disasters on structures and human lives in coastal regions, it is very important to understand the occurring of the severe storm surges. The previous research is mostly restricted to a single type of storm surge caused by extratropical storm or tropical cyclone. In present paper, a coupled atmosphere-ocean model is developed to study the storm surges induced by two types of extreme weather conditions. Two special cases happened in the Bohai Sea are simulated successively. The wind intensity and minimum sea-level pressure derived from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model agree well with the observed data. The computed time series of water level obtained from the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) also are in good agreement with the tide gauge observations. The structures of the wind fields and average currents for two types of storm surges are analyzed and compared. The results of coupled model are compared with those from the uncoupled model. The case studies indicate that the wind field and structure of the ocean surface current have great differences between extratropical storm surge and typhoon storm surge. The magnitude of storm surge in the Bohai Sea is shown mainly determined by the ocean surface driving force, but greatly affected by the coastal geometry and bathymetry. Key words: the Bohai Sea, extratropical storm surge, typhoon storm surge, coupled atmosphere-ocean model, WRF, ROMS Citation: Li Yong, Chen Xin, Jiang Xingyu, Li Jianfen, Tian Lizhu. 2019. Numerical simulations and comparative analysis for two types of storm surges in the Bohai Sea using a coupled atmosphere-ocean model. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 38(9): 35–47, doi: 10.1007/s13131-0191383-9
1 Introduction Storm surge is defined as the abnormal change in sea level, which associated with either extratropical or tropical storm. The storm surge may cause significant human life losses and severe damages to coastal structures. The Bohai Sea is susceptible to storm surges induced by extratropical storms and cyclones. The extratropical storm surges are mainly caused in spring, autumn and winter and the typhoon storm surges are mainly caused in summer (Wu et al., 2002; Fu et al., 2013; Mo et
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