Fascinating World of Nanomaterials, Applications and Technology Hurdles in Commercial Production
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Fascinating world of Nanomaterials, Applications and Technology Hurdles in Commercial Production Shiva Hullavarad1 and Nilima Hullavarad Office of Electronic Miniaturization, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99701 Abstract Nanoparticles, nanowires, nanorods and other kinds of nanostructures have been of great interest to scientific field. Semiconducting nanowires have attracted much attention due to the fact that reduced dimensional confinement of electrons, holes and photons make them particularly attractive as potential building blocks for nanoscale optoelectronic devices, highly quantum efficient lasers and non-linear optical converters. It is generally accepted that the low dimensional structures (where the size in one direction is equivalent to or smaller than the de Broglie wavelength) are useful materials for investigating the dependence of electrical and thermal transport or mechanical properties on the dimensionality and quantum confinement. Nanomaterials also play an important role as functional units in fabricating the electromechanical devices. Semiconductor nanostructures of different materials and shapes are investigated due to their size dependent electronic properties observable at dimensions comparable to or less than Bohr radius of exciton in these materials. Especially various oxides and sulphides have generated interests in variety of applications. In this paper, the recent progress in various nanostructures, paradigms in implementation and technology hurdles in implementing nanostructures are discussed. Nanotechnology – Growth and Directions Nanotechnology is one of the emerging technologies with a promise to offer new functionalities contributing to economic prosperity and sustainable development (Figure 1)1. However, despite having bright outlook by policy makers, industry and academia, there are mixed feelings on the true outcome of nanotechnology reaching the desired expectations in near future. Nanotechnology is a concept and a collection of tools to create and use materials, develop devices and systems with fundamentally new properties and functions because of their ability to assemble in a unique fashion at the atomic and molecular scale. There has been intense activity in this area demonstrating considerable success in preparing nanoparticles, nanowires and nanostructures in good quantities with a reasonable control on the dimensions.
Figure 1. Areas of research in Nanotechnology Nanotechnology transpired out of scientific curiosity to understand the dynamics at the atomic scale where the physical dimensions of the particles is equivalent to or less than Bohr radius of exciton
(electron –hole pair) or is equivalent to the de Broglie wavelength of electrons. Nevertheless, the famous Moore’s law limits the number of electronic circuits assembled on a chip due to enormous heat dissipation that could potentially melt the chip, was a driving force in industrial adaptation of nanotechnology. Today, Nanotechnology has revolutionized electronics, biotechnology, and m
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